26 Questions
Which of the following best defines re-emerging infection?
An increase in a disease that had previously declined or been controlled
What can cause emerging infections?
Previously undetected or unknown infectious agents
Which best describes emerging infectious diseases?
Infections whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase
What characterizes an emerging infection?
Previously known agents whose role in specific diseases has gone unrecognized
What is the fatality rate of smallpox?
30%
Which virus causes smallpox?
Variola virus
When were smallpox eradication efforts initiated?
1967
When was the last smallpox infection worldwide documented?
1977
Where were all smallpox supplies supposed to be kept?
CDC, Atlanta and Novosibirsk, Russia
What was the main component of the WHO smallpox eradication plan?
Mass vaccinations using freeze-dried vaccine material (ring vaccination)
What was the post-certification strategy for polio eradication?
Withdrawing the oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) from use and immunizing populations with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
What was the main strategy for polio eradication?
Strengthening disease surveillance
Where did the laboratory accident involving variola virus occur in 1978?
UK
What is the current formulation of smallpox vaccine?
Live virus preparation of infectious vaccinia virus
What are the factors that underlie disease emergence?
All of the above
Which event needs to occur for an emerging disease to become established?
The infectious agent has to be introduced into a vulnerable population
What is an example of microbial adaptation and change?
Development of resistance to drug treatments
Which factor is closely associated with the incidence of Japanese encephalitis?
Climate change
What led to outbreaks of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the US?
Increased rodent population due to wet weather
What contributed to the largest cholera epidemic in recent history in Yemen?
Effects of war
How did E. coli O157:H7 emerge as a pathogen?
Acquisition of phage-encoded toxin Stx
What is the definition of eradication in the context of diseases?
'Permanent reduction to zero' of worldwide incidence caused by a specific agent
Which criteria are used to determine whether a disease is eradicable?
'Measures against the disease exist'
'Eradication' differs from 'elimination' in that it refers to:
'Permanent reduction to zero' globally and 'reduction to zero' in a specific area
What are the benefits of eradicating diseases?
Reducing the chance of mis-diagnoses
What led to the first recognized outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in 1982?
Increase in intensive beef farming in US
Test your knowledge of emerging infectious diseases, re-emerging infections, and WHO eradication programs with this quiz. Learn about the causes and impact of emerging infections and the efforts of organizations like WHO to control and prevent them.
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