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Emerging Infectious Diseases and WHO Eradication Programs Quiz
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Emerging Infectious Diseases and WHO Eradication Programs Quiz

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@ComfortingBigBen

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines re-emerging infection?

  • An entirely new infectious agent that has never been seen before
  • A new strain of a known infectious agent
  • A decrease in the geographic range of a known infectious agent
  • An increase in a disease that had previously declined or been controlled (correct)
  • What can cause emerging infections?

  • Previously undetected or unknown infectious agents (correct)
  • Diseases that have been completely eradicated
  • Agents whose incidence of disease has significantly declined
  • Geographic range decreasing for known infectious agents
  • Which best describes emerging infectious diseases?

  • Infections that have recently appeared within a population or whose incidence is rapidly decreasing
  • Infections whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase (correct)
  • Infections that are easily treated with existing medications
  • Infections that have been around for a long time and are well-understood
  • What characterizes an emerging infection?

    <p>Previously known agents whose role in specific diseases has gone unrecognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate of smallpox?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes smallpox?

    <p>Variola virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were smallpox eradication efforts initiated?

    <p>1967</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the last smallpox infection worldwide documented?

    <p>1977</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were all smallpox supplies supposed to be kept?

    <p>CDC, Atlanta and Novosibirsk, Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main component of the WHO smallpox eradication plan?

    <p>Mass vaccinations using freeze-dried vaccine material (ring vaccination)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the post-certification strategy for polio eradication?

    <p>Withdrawing the oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) from use and immunizing populations with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main strategy for polio eradication?

    <p>Strengthening disease surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the laboratory accident involving variola virus occur in 1978?

    <p>UK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current formulation of smallpox vaccine?

    <p>Live virus preparation of infectious vaccinia virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that underlie disease emergence?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event needs to occur for an emerging disease to become established?

    <p>The infectious agent has to be introduced into a vulnerable population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of microbial adaptation and change?

    <p>Development of resistance to drug treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is closely associated with the incidence of Japanese encephalitis?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to outbreaks of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the US?

    <p>Increased rodent population due to wet weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the largest cholera epidemic in recent history in Yemen?

    <p>Effects of war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did E. coli O157:H7 emerge as a pathogen?

    <p>Acquisition of phage-encoded toxin Stx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of eradication in the context of diseases?

    <p>'Permanent reduction to zero' of worldwide incidence caused by a specific agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are used to determine whether a disease is eradicable?

    <p>'Measures against the disease exist'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Eradication' differs from 'elimination' in that it refers to:

    <p>'Permanent reduction to zero' globally and 'reduction to zero' in a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of eradicating diseases?

    <p>Reducing the chance of mis-diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the first recognized outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in 1982?

    <p>Increase in intensive beef farming in US</p> Signup and view all the answers

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