Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly characterizes emerging communicators?
Which of the following correctly characterizes emerging communicators?
What is implied by the term 'reliable communication' for an emerging communicator?
What is implied by the term 'reliable communication' for an emerging communicator?
Non-symbolic communication is best described as communication that:
Non-symbolic communication is best described as communication that:
What does 'symbolic language' encompass according to the content?
What does 'symbolic language' encompass according to the content?
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Which method is NOT part of emerging communicators' strategies?
Which method is NOT part of emerging communicators' strategies?
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Why is reliability crucial for emerging communicators according to the content?
Why is reliability crucial for emerging communicators according to the content?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a non-symbolic communication strategy?
Which of the following does NOT represent a non-symbolic communication strategy?
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How does observable communication behavior relate to expressive communication?
How does observable communication behavior relate to expressive communication?
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What is a characteristic of context-dependent communicators?
What is a characteristic of context-dependent communicators?
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Which condition might hinder someone from becoming an independent communicator?
Which condition might hinder someone from becoming an independent communicator?
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What type of AAC technique is reliant on familiar partners?
What type of AAC technique is reliant on familiar partners?
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What might limit the vocabulary of a context-dependent communicator?
What might limit the vocabulary of a context-dependent communicator?
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Which of the following best describes a limitation faced by independent communicators?
Which of the following best describes a limitation faced by independent communicators?
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What characterizes an individual with emerging communication skills?
What characterizes an individual with emerging communication skills?
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What aspect can lead to effective communication in context-dependent AAC users?
What aspect can lead to effective communication in context-dependent AAC users?
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What does it mean for symbolic communication to be reliable?
What does it mean for symbolic communication to be reliable?
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Which factor could restrict the communication of a context-dependent individual?
Which factor could restrict the communication of a context-dependent individual?
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In the case study mentioned, what communication methods did the individual effectively use?
In the case study mentioned, what communication methods did the individual effectively use?
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Which of the following best describes a context-dependent communicator's ability?
Which of the following best describes a context-dependent communicator's ability?
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Which of the following factors could limit someone to only emerging communication skills?
Which of the following factors could limit someone to only emerging communication skills?
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In what context might a context-dependent communicator be able to convey thought?
In what context might a context-dependent communicator be able to convey thought?
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What is a potential outcome of low expectations from others for individuals with emerging communication skills?
What is a potential outcome of low expectations from others for individuals with emerging communication skills?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the communication of a 65-year-old man with severe aphasia and apraxia?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the communication of a 65-year-old man with severe aphasia and apraxia?
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Which of the following describes a challenge faced by individuals with emerging communication skills?
Which of the following describes a challenge faced by individuals with emerging communication skills?
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What defines an Independent Communicator's ability?
What defines an Independent Communicator's ability?
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What is NOT a characteristic of independent communication?
What is NOT a characteristic of independent communication?
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Which factor could hinder a person's communicative independence?
Which factor could hinder a person's communicative independence?
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In the case study described, what limits the woman's ability to communicate independently with unfamiliar listeners?
In the case study described, what limits the woman's ability to communicate independently with unfamiliar listeners?
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Which of the following would not impact an individual's communication effectiveness?
Which of the following would not impact an individual's communication effectiveness?
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Why might the woman in the case study be classified as a context-dependent communicator?
Why might the woman in the case study be classified as a context-dependent communicator?
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What is a primary reason that some communication attempts might not be understood by unfamiliar people?
What is a primary reason that some communication attempts might not be understood by unfamiliar people?
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What does insufficient access to a communication system signify?
What does insufficient access to a communication system signify?
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Study Notes
Emerging Communication
- An emerging communicator does not have a reliable method of expressing themselves through symbolic language.
- Reliable means the individual communicates their intended message, there are no accidental selections resulting in unintended messages.
- Expressive communication is emphasized because it focuses on observable communication behaviors- how an individual uses symbolic language.
- Symbolic language includes things you can hear, see, or feel that represent a concept, idea, or thought.
- Non-symbolic communication is limited to the "here and now" and includes things like pointing and gestures.
- Emerging communicators may use non-symbolic strategies like gestures, body language, and facial expressions.
- They may have strategies to signal acceptance or rejection, but they lack a reliable method of responding to yes/no questions.
- They may have low expectations of others, lack the opportunity to communicate, or lack AAC services.
- A 65-year-old man with aphasia and apraxia of speech after a CVA. He had no reliable method of communication beyond the "here and now" and no symbolic communication.
Context-Dependent Communication
- A context-dependent communicator has symbolic communication that is reliable, but they are only able to communicate in specific contexts or with specific partners.
- Symbolic communication means using something like a word, sign, picture, or sound to represent a concept or meaning.
- Their communication may be limited to certain topics, settings, or activities.
- Examples of context-dependent communication include:
- AAC techniques with vocabulary chosen by others, such as using symbol displays, word boards, communication books, or devices.
- AAC strategies that are effective only with familiar partners, such as unintelligible speech, strategies that require learning by the partner (e.g., eye-gaze partner assisted scanning), or devices with output that is not useful with strangers (e.g., devices with poorly intelligible speech or screens that are unreadable outdoors).
- A context-dependent communicator is often pre-literate or early literate, has reliable symbolic communication skills, and relies on their communication strategy in specific contexts.
- They may have a moderate intellectual disability, highly unintelligible motor speech skills (apraxia), or typical development but delayed speech.
- A 69-year-old man with moderate non-fluent aphasia with apraxia of speech, coupled with limb apraxia and right hemiparesis.
- He was able to use a combination of communication methods to supplement his speech, including gestures, writing/drawing, and a communication notebook. He demonstrated that he had reliable symbolic communication, but he was dependent on the vocabulary provided by others.
Independent Communication
- An independent communicator is not limited in what they can talk about or whom they can talk to.
- They can communicate with familiar and unfamiliar partners.
- If they don't have the right vocabulary preprogrammed, they can use spelling to communicate exactly what they want.
What Communication is NOT Independent
- Utterances can only be understood by some people.
- Other people need to preprogram all vocabulary in a system.
- Person cannot spell well enough to compose novel utterances.
- Person has no opportunity to communicate what they want to say.
- Communication system doesn't match motor skills making it difficult to control.
- Communication system doesn't match communication needs.
- Partners influence communication through cueing.
- Person has hidden vision impairments making it hard to see symbols.
- Person has a hidden hearing impairment making it difficult to hear what is said.
- Person has been given insufficient training and time to learn to use AAC systems.
- Person has no access to a communication system at times.
Case Study: Independent Communicator
- A 59-year-old woman with cerebral palsy has dysarthria and significant motor impairments.
- She participates in all aspects of her daily life and is a public advocate for people with disabilities.
- She uses a number of communication modalities. With familiar partners, she relies primarily on her speech, plus some limited signs and gestures.
- Unfamiliar listeners typically cannot understand her speech, so she uses a Pathfinder.
- She is not a proficient speller and only has second-grade spelling ability.
- She can communicate anything she wants through her speech, but ONLY to her husband, the only person who can understand her really well.
- With unfamiliar people, she is limited to vocabulary that has been preprogrammed by others.
A Note on the Use of AAC
- AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) is a multifaceted term and refers to a broad range of approaches that supplement or replace spoken or written communication for people with disabilities.
- AAC is most often used by people with severe speech and language impairments.
- The use of AAC can help people express themselves, participate in daily activities, and improve their quality of life.
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics and methods of emerging communicators. It highlights the differences between symbolic and non-symbolic communication, focusing on how individuals express themselves and the challenges they face. Test your understanding of expressive communication behaviors and the relevance of AAC services.
