Emergency Life Support First Aid Training by Emily Mottershead
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step to ensure safety at an incident scene?

  • Check the area for danger. (correct)
  • Shout for help to attract attention.
  • Talk to the witnesses immediately.
  • Ask the victim for consent.

Why is it important to talk to witnesses at an incident?

  • They might provide a different perspective of the incident. (correct)
  • They can give you first aid supplies.
  • They will tell you whether to call emergency services.
  • They can help to calm the victim.

Why is it important to keep a casualty in the recovery position while preparing to open the door for ambulance crew?

  • To maintain temperature regulation
  • To prevent airway blockage (correct)
  • To ensure the casualty remains conscious
  • To improve blood circulation

What should you do if the victim is unconscious and unresponsive?

<p>Check for breathing for 10 seconds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when checking for danger in the environment when dealing with a baby?

<p>Look for visible threats in the surrounding area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the airway of a baby be positioned when checking for responsiveness?

<p>Head tilted slightly back in a neutral position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the recovery position?

<p>To prevent choking on vomit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the primary survey after ensuring the area is safe?

<p>Checking for response and breathing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age range classifies someone as a baby in terms of emergency response?

<p>0 to 1 year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if the victim says they are fine after a fall?

<p>Conduct a secondary survey regardless. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions are recommended to try and wake a baby during an emergency situation?

<p>Tickling their feet and hands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty is unconscious at home with no available assistance?

<p>Call out for help from neighbors or nearby people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about talking to bystanders is true?

<p>They may provide critical information different from the victim's. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake when positioning a baby's head for airway management?

<p>Tilting the head forward to check breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you find the area unsafe?

<p>Attempt to eliminate the hazards before helping. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique should not be used when checking responsiveness in babies?

<p>Shaking their arms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a drowning casualty is sick?

<p>Turn them on their side and wait. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step to ensure successful rescue breaths?

<p>Ensure the airway is open. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many initial rescue breaths should be attempted for a child or drowning casualty?

<p>Five (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that compressions are being effectively delivered?

<p>Color returns to the face. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital to ensure when performing compressions?

<p>Go hard enough to see a color change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to help prevent disease transmission during rescue breaths?

<p>A face shield. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might prevent the chest from rising during rescue breaths?

<p>The seal on the mouth is inadequate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a rescue breath fails to show a rise in the chest?

<p>Reassess the airway and seal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first link in the chain of survival?

<p>Early access to emergency services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is early CPR crucial in the chain of survival?

<p>It increases the chances of effective AED use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?

<p>To reset the heart's normal rhythm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chance of survival for every minute of delay in providing an AED after cardiac arrest?

<p>It decreases by 10 percent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the early advanced care provided by emergency services?

<p>Drugs, oxygen, and other medical equipment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If any link in the chain of survival is broken, what happens?

<p>The patient's chance of survival is significantly reduced. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second link in the chain of survival?

<p>Beginning CPR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action you should take if someone is not breathing normally?

<p>Call emergency services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is at a higher risk of choking?

<p>Young children and elderly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a severe airway obstruction?

<p>The person is unable to speak (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for someone with a mild obstruction?

<p>Encourage them to cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment for severe airway obstruction?

<p>A combination of back slaps and abdominal thrusts is often effective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of treating someone with a mild obstruction using aggressive methods?

<p>It may cause harm and worsen the obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of actions is recommended for relieving severe airway obstruction?

<p>Five quick back slaps followed by five abdominal thrusts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should someone be approached if they are suspected of choking?

<p>Ask them if they are choking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions might increase the risk of choking?

<p>Neurological impairments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should you stop performing CPR?

<p>You are getting tired and can no longer continue. (A), The casualty regains consciousness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to call emergency medical services quickly when dealing with an unresponsive adult?

<p>The ambulance can bring medication and an AED. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a helper do if both individuals encounter a collapsed adult?

<p>One should call an ambulance while the other begins CPR. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you are alone with a casualty who is not breathing, what is your first step?

<p>Call the ambulance and put the phone on speaker while beginning CPR. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of finding an AED while performing CPR?

<p>It can significantly increase the chance of survival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a helper check for the casualty's breathing?

<p>Immediately upon discovering a collapsed adult. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is recommended if you feel fatigued while performing CPR?

<p>Call for assistance and switch roles with a helper. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical factor should be prioritized when performing CPR on an adult?

<p>Calling for emergency help as soon as possible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Survey

The initial assessment of a casualty to identify life-threatening conditions. It involves checking for danger, responsiveness, airway, breathing, and circulation.

Secondary Survey

A thorough examination of the casualty from head to toe, looking for any injuries or other problems.

Recovery Position

A position used to help maintain an open airway and prevent choking on vomit or saliva.

Opening the Airway

The action of ensuring a potential airway obstruction is cleared. Can be achieved by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.

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Checking for Breathing

Checking for signs of life by looking, listening, and feeling for breathing for 10 seconds.

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Seeking Consent

Seeking the consent of a conscious casualty before providing any medical care.

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Shout for Help

A call for assistance from others to help manage the situation.

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Check for Danger

An assessment of the surrounding area to identify any potential hazards.

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Neutral Airway (for Baby)

A position for an unconscious baby to maintain an open airway. It involves keeping the baby's airway completely neutral, with the head neither tilted back nor forward.

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Early Access

Early activation of emergency services, such as calling 911, is the first link in the chain of survival.

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Early CPR

Performing CPR as soon as possible after cardiac arrest is the second crucial link in the chain of survival.

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Early Defibrillation

Using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) on a person experiencing cardiac arrest. The AED is a device that can deliver an electrical shock to restart a malfunctioning heart.

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Early Advanced Care

Advanced medical care provided by paramedics and other skilled professionals involves delivering drugs, oxygen, and other medical interventions.

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Why is Early Action Important in Cardiac Arrest?

Promptly calling emergency services and performing CPR increases the likelihood of survival in a cardiac arrest scenario.

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Chain of Survival

A crucial sequence of actions that significantly improves the chances of survival in a cardiac arrest situation. It consists of Early Access, CPR, Defibrillation, and Advanced Care.

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How Does an AED Work?

The AED works by interrupting the abnormal heart rhythm and reseting it to a regular beat.

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Time Delay and Survival Rate

For every minute you delay critical actions like CPR and defibrillation after a cardiac arrest, the chance of survival decreases by 10%.

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Mild Airway Obstruction

A partial obstruction of the airway where the person is able to make some noise.

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Severe Airway Obstruction

A complete blockage of the airway where the person cannot make any sound.

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Coughing

A forceful expulsion of air from the lungs, often triggered by an irritant in the airway.

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Back Slaps

A technique used to dislodge a foreign object from the airway by applying forceful blows to the back.

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Abdominal Thrusts

A maneuver performed on a choking person to force the obstruction out by applying pressure to the abdomen.

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Combined Approach for Choking

Treatment for a choking victim typically involves a combination of back slaps and abdominal thrusts.

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Encourage Coughing

A strategy used to help dislodge a foreign object in the airway by creating a strong pressure wave.

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Avoid Harsh Treatment for Mild Obstruction

Avoid using back slaps and abdominal thrusts on someone with a mild airway obstruction, as this could potentially worsen the situation.

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When to stop CPR?

In CPR, stopping when the casualty regains consciousness.

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Ambulance Call Priority in Solo CPR.

If you are alone, it is essential to initiate CPR immediately. However, calling for an ambulance is crucial before starting. This is because CPR alone is insufficient without the timely arrival of medical professionals.

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CPR and Ambulance Call with a Helper.

When performing CPR with a helper, one person focuses on CPR, while the other goes to find an AED and call the ambulance.

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Why Call an Ambulance Immediately for Adult CPR?

Calling the ambulance immediately when an adult is found unconscious and not breathing is vital. This is because adults are more likely to suffer from a heart problem requiring AED and advanced medical help.

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The Timing Race: CPR & Ambulance.

The earlier CPR is initiated, the higher the chances of survival. However, summoning the ambulance and finding an AED is equally important for adult CPR.

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The AED: Key Tool for Adult CPR.

An AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically increases chances of survival in adult cardiac arrest. It provides shock therapy to restore a normal heart rhythm.

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The Value of an Ambulance in Adult CPR.

An ambulance brings crucial medical personnel and equipment, including AEDs, for treating a cardiac arrest.

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CPR Alone is Not Enough: Role of Medical Assistance.

Although CPR is essential, its effectiveness is significantly amplified when combined with immediate medical intervention from professionals. Therefore, calling for help before beginning CPR is recommended.

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Open the Airway

The act of ensuring a clear airway by tilting the head backwards and lifting the chin. This ensures air can easily enter the lungs.

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Chest Rise and Fall

When providing rescue breaths, ensure the casualty's chest rises and falls gently with each breath. This indicates that the air is entering the lungs.

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Recovery Position for Sick Casualty

If a casualty is sick, roll them gently onto their side to prevent choking on vomit. Wait for them to finish being sick, then roll them back onto their back.

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Rescue Breaths for Child or Drowning Victim

Giving rescue breaths to a child or drowning victim is a crucial step in CPR. Ensure the casualty is under 18 years old and suspected of drowning.

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Rescue Breaths: Check for Obstructions

If you do not see the chest rising and falling during rescue breaths, check for other issues like an airway blockage or a poor seal around the mouth. Ensure the airway is fully open and you have created a good seal.

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CPR: Deep Compressions

When performing CPR, ensure your compressions are deep enough to pump blood effectively. You should see color returning to the casualty's face as blood circulates.

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If Chest Doesn't Rise

If the chest does not rise during rescue breaths, ensure that the airway is open and the mouth seal is correct. This includes tightening the seal around the mouth and ensuring the airway is fully extended by tilting the head back.

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How to Know Compressions are Effective

During CPR, aim for deep compressions to ensure effective blood circulation. You should notice color returning to the casualty's face due to improved blood flow and oxygenation.

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Study Notes

Emergency Medical Services Information

  • ICE (In Case of Emergency) information is essential for medical personnel to access vital information quickly. Smartphones are a convenient location for this information.
  • iPhones can store ICE information accessible from the lock screen using the Apple Health app. Medical ID information and emergency contact information can be added.
  • Samsung phones require creating an ICE Emergency Contacts group in the Contacts app. Emergency contacts can then be selected from the lock screen.
  • Contacting 999 by texting is available in the UK via emergencySMS service.
  • Registration is required to use the service.
  • Text "register" to 999 to register.
  • This service is designed for those with impaired speech or hearing difficulties.
  • The 999 service can be contacted via text from a mobile phone if the user can't make voice calls.
  • Emergency situations include threats to life, crimes in progress, injuries, fires, urgent ambulance needs and issues related to the sea.

Recovery Position

  • The recovery position is used for breathing casualties who are unconscious but breathing.
  • The position keeps the airway open and allows vomit to drain.
  • Lay the casualty on their side, supporting their neck.
  • Place the bottom knee 90° to the body and gently raise their top knee.

Unconscious Adult and Child Life Support

  • Dangers and Check For Response: Assess area for safety and then check for response by squeezing the shoulders.
  • Shout For Help: Immediately call for additional help after checking for any dangers or response.
  • Open Airway: Open the airway by tilting the head and lifting the chin.
  • Check Normal Breathing: Check for 10 seconds if the person is breathing.
  • Call 999 and activate speaker: Dial 999 to activate speakerphone to provide real-time instructions.

Adult and Child Choking

  • Encourage Coughing: Encourage the casualty to cough if they are conscious.
  • Call 999/112: If coughing doesn't work, ask someone else to call emergency services.
  • Back Slaps: Place the casualty face down, leaning over them and place hand on their back between shoulder blades and give 5 short slaps.
  • Abdominal Thrusts: Place one fist under the casualty's rib cage and grasp that fist using your other hand, push inward and upward 5 times
  • CPR: If they become unconscious perform CPR.
  • Hospital: If the choking has been resolved seek medical help as soon as possible from a doctor or hospital.

Baby Choking

  • Follow the same steps as for Adult Choking but adjust the techniques.
  • Back Slaps: Support the baby's head and position in the lap with the head lower than the feet, give up to 5 sharp back slaps between shoulder blades.
  • Chest Thrusts: Turn the baby over, firmly support the head and neck, use two fingers to push down on the center of the chest, 5 times.
  • CPR: Begin CPR if there is no response.
  • Hospital: If the choking has been resolved seek medical help as soon as possible from a doctor or hospital.

Seizures/Epilepsy

  • Protection: Protect the casualty to reduce further injury as they have lost conciousness.
  • Time: Note the time of the seizure.
  • Recovery Position: Once fully conscious put them into the recovery position, otherwise call 999 for medical attention.
  • AED: If the seizure lasts for more than 10 minutes call 999 and have them seek medical help from a doctor

Anaphylaxis

  • Call: Immediately call EMS (999 or 112) and state "anaphylaxis".
  • Auto-Injector: Administer auto-injector (EpiPen, Jext or Emerade)
  • Symptoms: Look for symptoms like trouble breathing, skin rashes, swelling.
  • Secondary Injection: Give a second injection if the condition does not improve within 5-15 minutes following the initial injection
  • Observation: Provide observation and monitoring to the patient until an ambulance or medical team arrives.

Bleeding

  • Control: Control the bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or dressing.
  • Elevation: Raise the wounded area if there is no object in the wound then use elevation.
  • Pressure: If the bleeding persists and/or is difficult to control, call the ambulance for assistance
  • Gloves: Use disposable gloves.

Burns

  • Cool Water: Run the burn under cool running water for 20 minutes.
  • Remove Jewelry: Remove any jewelry that isn't attached to the burn site.
  • Cover: Cover the burn with cling film or a clean, dry, sterile dressing to prevent infection.

Soft Tissue Injury (Sprain/Strain)

  • RICE: Rest, Ice, Comfort and Elevation.

Fractures

  • Immobilize: Immobilize the fracture site by using a support sling (for broken arm), or a elevation sling for a broken collar bone to allow for blood pressure relief and prevent further injury.

Head Injuries

  • Safety: Check for any dangers in the area to ensure safety for both the casualty and the first aider.
  • Response: Check if the person is responsive to stimuli as there are many reasons for unconsciousness and it could be a medical emergency
  • Airway, Breathing and Circulation (ABC): Check the basics of these to determine the state of the person's consciousness. Look, Listen and Feel for 10 seconds and call the ambulance if needed.

Asthma

  • Inhaler: Help the casualty use their inhaler (with spacer if available)
  • Treatment: Help calm and support the breathing if they're struggling.
  • Safety: Do not leave them.

Diabetes/Hyperglycemia

  • High Blood Sugar: Monitor blood sugar levels and symptoms (excess thirst, hunger) to provide appropriate treatment
  • 999 Call: Call 999 if the casualty is unconscious

Diabetes/Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

  • Give them sugar quickly (juice, sweets, sugar)
  • Call 999 if needed

Seizures

  • Stay Safe: Ensure you are in a safe place, or call for help from others if needed.
  • Check ABC: Check Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC).
  • Protect the Head: Protect the head to reduce risk of harm.
  • Contact EMS: Call for help if needed

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Description

Test your knowledge on safety measures at an incident scene with this quiz. Topics include the recovery position, assessing danger, and proper techniques for handling casualties, especially babies. Ensure you're prepared for emergencies by understanding these key concepts.

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