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When deciding on a knot, consider the following factors: The knot must have been proven to be ______ for its intended use.
safe
The knot must be ______ enough for its role in the operation.
strong
It must be easy to tie and ______.
untie
All knots reduce the ______ of the rope.
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The knot must not affect the strength of the system beyond the acceptable ______ factor.
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Safety Knots: Used to prevent fraying and to stop from sliding through a block, hole, or other ______.
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At a minimum, ropes used in rescue work should meet the guideline in NFPA 1983 for “General Use”. The ropes must also maintain a 10:1 safety factor. The most commonly used unit of measurement for the forces encountered in rope rescue is the ______.
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The formula for calculating force is: 𝑭 = 𝑴(𝑨) where F is Force, M is Mass, and A is Acceleration. A Newton (N) is the measurement used to represent the amount of force needed to move one kilogram of mass at the rate of one meter per second squared (1N = 1 kg m/s²). The measurement for the amount of force needed to move one kilogram of mass at the rate of one meter per second squared is ______.
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The ropes used in rescue work must maintain a ______ safety factor.
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The classification of ropes based on their use includes Personal Escape Rope, Light-use Life Safety Rope, and ______ Life Safety Rope.
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Always check the ______ to determine the strength of the rope being used.
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Inspect new ropes prior to service and after every use. Examine for damage such as history of impact by an object, melting, flattened or soft spots, bulges, cuts, extreme sheath slippage, and discolouration or any other signs of exposure to ______.
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Continue the line and lay it across the left side of the casualty’s neck. Continue along the casualty’s back and under the right arm and bring it back through the eye on the chest forming the fourth loop at the eye. Note: There will now be an X pattern from the rope on the casualty’s back. 11-17 6. Tighten the eye snugly on all four loops by pulling on the hauling line which closes the ______. Adjust the harness for both tightness and comfort.
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Secure the eye to the loops with two half hitches to prevent slipping and tightening of the knot on the casualty’s body. 7. Tighten the half hitches to complete the harness. A safety knot can be tied in the harness rope tail or the tail can be connected to a separate ______.
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If possible, place padding between the rope and the casualty’s body where there are points of ______. 11-18 Webbing Harness (Upright) Made from webbing, this harness is for an upright person who requires an easy, quickly made full-body harness.
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It is to be used for short periods of time only, especially if suspended. There are many variations of this method, including a commercially made ready-to-use type. Start by building the seat portion, and then build the chest portion. Finish by connecting the two together. Avoid placing the knot at locations that will cause ______ points on the wearer’s body.
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Seat Harness 1. Use a 15 foot length of webbing tied together in a loop with a ring ______.
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Made from webbing, this harness is for an upright person who requires an easy, quickly made full-body harness. It is to be used for short periods of time only, especially if suspended. There are many variations of this method, including a commercially made ready-to-use type. Start by building the seat portion, and then build the chest portion. Finish by connecting the two together. Avoid placing the ______ at locations that will cause pressure points on the wearer’s body.
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At a minimum, ropes used in rescue work should meet the guideline in NFPA 1983 for “General Use”. The ropes must also maintain a 10:1 safety factor. The most commonly used unit of measurement for the forces encountered in rope rescue is the ______.
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Inspect new ropes prior to service and after every use. Examine for damage such as history of impact by an object, melting, flattened or soft spots, bulges, cuts, extreme sheath slippage, and discolouration or any other signs of exposure to ______.
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Safety Knots: Used to prevent fraying and to stop from sliding through a block, hole, or other ______.
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Always check the ______ to determine the strength of the rope being used.
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It must be easy to tie and ______.
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The ropes used in rescue work must maintain a ______ safety factor.
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Allows carabiner to slide around equalize to avoid side loading. When tensioned, it cinches on to the tree to allow secure placement of high-point directional pulleys. Wrap three times around the anchor point. Tie the long leg with an overhand trace back, with the short leg to create a ring bend. Position load side against the anchor point. Pull the two unknotted loops forward and clip with a carabiner.
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11-39 Picket Anchor Systems. The picket system is one alternative when no anchors are available in a wilderness area. However, picket systems require a great deal of time to prepare for rescue use. Picket System Set-Up. The pickets should be 1 in (2.5 cm) diameter and have a length of 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m), so that there will be a minimum of 2/3 of the length in the ground. Drive the pickets at an angle of 15 degrees away from the force to be anchored.
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Connect the pickets in each row together by lashing from the top of the first picket (the one closest to the load with a clove hitch) to the bottom of the next picket three to four times and tie off at the base. Continue in this manner until all rows of pickets are lashed together. Use 12.7-mm (1/2 in) rope or webbing approximately 50 ft (15 m) long. Tension the lashings by twisting with a stick four to six turns. Drive this stick into the ground to secure it. Connect the main line by clipping it to the front picket in each row. Multiple anchor points may be required to establish a bombproof anchor.
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11-39 Picket Anchor Systems. The picket system is one alternative when no anchors are available in a wilderness area. However, picket systems require a great deal of time to prepare for rescue use. Picket System Set-Up. The pickets should be 1 in (2.5 cm) diameter and have a length of 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m), so that there will be a minimum of 2/3 of the length in the ground. Drive the pickets at an angle of 15 degrees away from the force to be anchored. Connect the pickets in each row together by lashing from the top of the first picket (the one closest to the load with a clove hitch) to the bottom of the next picket three to four times and tie off at the base.
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11-39 Picket Anchor Systems. The picket system is one alternative when no anchors are available in a wilderness area. However, picket systems require a great deal of time to prepare for rescue use. Picket System Set-Up. The pickets should be 1 in (2.5 cm) diameter and have a length of 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m), so that there will be a minimum of 2/3 of the length in the ground. Drive the pickets at an angle of 15 degrees away from the force to be anchored. Connect the pickets in each row together by lashing from the top of the first picket (the one closest to the load with a clove hitch) to the bottom of the next picket three to four times and tie off at the base. Continue in this manner until all rows of pickets are lashed together.
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11-39 Picket Anchor Systems. The picket system is one alternative when no anchors are available in a wilderness area. However, picket systems require a great deal of time to prepare for rescue use. Picket System Set-Up. The pickets should be 1 in (2.5 cm) diameter and have a length of 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m), so that there will be a minimum of 2/3 of the length in the ground. Drive the pickets at an angle of 15 degrees away from the force to be anchored. Connect the pickets in each row together by lashing from the top of the first picket (the one closest to the load with a clove hitch) to the bottom of the next picket three to four times and tie off at the base. Use 12.7-mm (1/2 in) rope or webbing approximately 50 ft (15 m) long.
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