First Aid Basics and Diagnosis

Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of the first aider in an emergency situation?

To provide medication to the casualty

To wait for professional help to arrive

To diagnose the illness immediately

To ensure safety and manage the situation (correct)

What should be done to ensure the safety of a casualty during a gas leak?

Administer first aid on site

Turn off the gas supply or move to fresh air (correct)

Use a fan to disperse the gas

Stay in the same location until help arrives

Which action is important when delegating tasks to bystanders?

To give them clear instructions and ensure they repeat the message (correct)

To tell them to keep quiet while you work

To send them away from the scene

To ask them to assist with treatment immediately

What is involved in the diagnosis of a casualty's condition?

Collecting history, signs, and symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach if a casualty is conscious and complaining of pain?

Ask about the location of pain and examine the area carefully Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a road traffic accident, whose responsibility is it to control the traffic?

The first aider should instruct a bystander to manage traffic Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use all senses when assessing a casualty?

To gather a comprehensive understanding of their condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical first action to take for a casualty in a case of electrocution?

Switch off the current to avoid further injury Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'R' in the RICE procedure stand for?

Rest the injured part Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of dislocation?

Fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which first aid measure should be taken first for dislocation?

Immobilize the joint in position found Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a compound fracture?

The bone and the skin are broken Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for reducing swelling in a sprain?

Compression bandaging Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of fractures?

Direct violence Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when administering first aid for a dislocation?

Attempting to reduce the dislocation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by one side of the bone being broken and the other side bent?

Greenstick fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a patient experiencing epistaxis?

Sitting with head held forward Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in managing epistaxis?

Apply a heat pack to the nose Signup and view all the answers

What color is the blood when a patient has haemoptysis?

Bright red and frothy Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first when managing a patient with haematemeisis?

Loosen tight clothing Signup and view all the answers

In the case of haematemeisis, what should be avoided?

Giving anything by mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is melaena associated with?

Presence of blood in stools Signup and view all the answers

Which step is important during the management of haemoptysis?

Reassuring and keeping the patient still Signup and view all the answers

When managing haematemeisis, what should be done with the vomitus?

Keep it for the doctor's inspection Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct depth for compressions during cardiac resuscitation for an adult?

3.8 to 5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR with two rescuers?

15 compressions to 2 breaths Signup and view all the answers

When should reassessment of the carotid pulse occur during CPR?

After first four cycles and then every few minutes Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a victim recovers some cardiac rhythm and spontaneous respiration?

Place the victim in recovery position and monitor breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT indicated for the termination of CPR?

Rescuer taking a break Signup and view all the answers

Where should back blows be administered on a victim suffering from airway obstruction?

Between the shoulder blades Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering back blows to a choking victim?

To create a vibration to dislodge the object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a part of Basic Life Support (BLS) for healthcare providers?

Defibrillation using AED Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of complete asphyxia?

Inability to obtain oxygen to support life Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could lead to paralysis of the muscles of respiration?

Electric shock Signup and view all the answers

What type of asphyxia results from mechanical limitations to lung expansion?

Compressive asphyxia Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is NOT considered a type of poisonous gas associated with asphyxia?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

In partial asphyxia, what is a key aspect of the casualty's condition?

There is incomplete obstruction of the airways Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies compressive asphyxia?

Crushing injury from a heavy object Signup and view all the answers

What immediate intervention is necessary for complete asphyxia?

Restoring adequate oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What health condition requiring prompt action may lead to partial asphyxia?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Assessing the Situation

First aider should maintain calmness and confidence when assisting the casualty.
Ensure personal safety and that of the casualty to prevent further harm.
In road traffic accidents, instruct bystanders to control traffic flow.
For structural collapses or fires, move the casualty to a safe location.
In gas leaks or exposure to fumes, turn off the gas supply or relocate to fresh air.
In case of electrocution, switch off the power source and protect against electric shock.
Utilize bystanders for tasks to minimize interference during treatment.
Call for emergency services, ensuring the message is clear and understood.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves determining the cause of signs and symptoms.
Utilize the casualty's account and witnesses for case history.
Signs are physical manifestations observed through examination.
Symptoms consist of the casualty’s complaints; gather details through active listening.
Engage senses (sight, touch, hearing, smell, speech) for comprehensive information gathering.

Observation for Diagnosis

For conscious victims, inquire about pain location and intensity.
Conduct external cardiac compressions on a hard surface (3.8 to 5 cm deep).
Maintain ventilation/compression ratios: 2 breaths after 15 compressions.
Utilize an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) if available.
Once pulse and respiration return, place in recovery position and monitor.

Back Blows or Slaps

Back blows apply pressure to dislodge objects causing airway obstruction.
Strike the victim between the shoulder blades using the heel of the hand.
Encourage the casualty to cough after delivering several back blows.

First Aid Management of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Seat the patient upright with forward-leaning posture.
Loosen tight clothing and provide fresh air if possible.
Pinch the nose firmly and apply cold compress to the bridge of the nose.
Maintain stillness; seek medical help if bleeding continues for several minutes.

Haemoptysis (Coughing Up Blood)

Characterized by bright red, frothy blood usually from the lungs.
Seat the patient upright, loosen tight clothing, and keep them calm and still.
Administer ice chips for relief and obtain medical assistance.
Preserve sputum samples for doctor examination.

Haematemesis (Vomiting Blood)

Blood vomited is usually dark brown; indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Lay the patient down, loosen clothing, and keep them quiet.
Do not give anything by mouth; arrange immediate medical assessment.

Melaena (Blood in Stools)

Presence of digested blood; signifies gastrointestinal issues.

First Aid Measures for Strain and Sprain

Employ the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Dislocation

Defined by the displacement of bone ends at a joint, often due to trauma.
Signs include swelling, deformity, pain, tenderness, and discoloration.
Immobilize the joint as found, apply a sling if needed, elevate, and seek medical care.
Never attempt to reposition a dislocated joint.

Fractures

Fractures can be simple (closed), compound (open), or complicated (surrounding tissue injury).
Causes range from direct trauma, twisting, pathological conditions, and aging.

Types and Varieties of Fractures

Greenstick fractures feature incompletely broken bone.
Fractures can result from various factors including physical stress, malnutrition, and long-term steroid use.

Asphyxia

Classified as partial (incomplete airway obstruction) and complete (no oxygen flow).
Urgent response needed for complete asphyxia to prevent organ damage.
Compressive asphyxia involves mechanical restriction (e.g., being crushed).
Recognize the importance of prompt intervention in cases of asphyxia.

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Description

This quiz covers essential first aid techniques and the process of diagnosing an injured person. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining calmness, ensuring safety, and effectively using information from the casualty and witnesses. Test your knowledge on critical response actions and assessment skills in emergency situations.