Embryonic Period Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During which week does the neural tube begin to develop in the embryonic period?

  • Week 3 (correct)
  • Week 6
  • Week 5
  • Week 4

    • At which week do finger rays emerge during the embryonic period?

  • Week 6 (correct)
  • Week 7
  • Week 5
  • Week 4

    • When can the fetal heart beat be detected?

  • Week 12 (correct)
  • Month 4
  • Week 9
  • Month 6

    • At what stage does the fetus's skin become covered in vernix caseosa and lanugo?

    <p>$4-5$ months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage does blood volume increase by during pregnancy?

    <p>45-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone prevents the corpus luteum from regressing?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hormone secreted by the placenta around week 5 of pregnancy?

    <p>Estriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serious complication of pregnancy is linked to a failure of trophoblast cells to penetrate uterine blood vessels?

    <p>Preeclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occurrence rate of gestational diabetes in the US?

    <p>1/350</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of cases do ectopic pregnancies occur as tubal pregnancies?

    <p>96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are risk factors for abdominal pregnancies?

    <p>Age, multiparious carriers, non-whites, previous pelvic inflammation/endometriosis, certain forms of birth control use (mini pill, IUD, tubal sterilization)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with miscarriage?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of established pregnancies result in miscarriage?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of successful full-term pregnancies involve healthy newborns?

    <p>99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the umbilical vein?

    <p>Carrying oxygenated blood to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental pollutants are especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of embryo development?

    <p>Mercury, lead, and arsenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Rh incompatibility on future pregnancies?

    <p>Antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the nervous system begin development in a fetus?

    <p>Week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances can cause harm to the developing fetus during embryo development?

    <p>Alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the umbilical arteries carry?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of preembryos die prior to implantation?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of chronic alcohol use during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of fetal alcohol syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method provides information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development?

    <p>Amniocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are implicated in fetal death and severe defects/damage?

    <p>HIV, rubella, and bacterial vaginosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major internal and external features take shape during the embryonic period?

    <p>During the embryonic period, the neural tube, eyes, otic pits, pharyngeal arches, heart, rapid brain expansion, and limb buds for hands and feet take shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the fetal period?

    <p>During the fetal period, there is further growth and development of the systems established during the embryo phase, and the fetal heart beat can be detected at week 12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point can the carrier feel fetal movement during pregnancy?

    <p>The carrier can feel fetal movement at 4-5 months into the pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the fetus during the 6th month of pregnancy?

    <p>In the 6th month, the fetus's skin is covered in fatty secretions (vernix caseosa) and downy hair (lanugo).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some physical changes in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

    <p>The cardiovascular system output increases as blood volume increases by 45-50%. Blood pressure often also increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are involved in the endocrinology of pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone from the corpus luteum helps to establish the placenta and increases fat depositions. hCG prevents the corpus luteum from regressing. The placenta secretes several estrogens, mainly estriol, and progesterone, as well as human placental lactogen (hPL).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common pregnancy complications?

    <p>Some common pregnancy complications include constipation, headaches, varicose veins, heartburn, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, ectopic pregnancies, miscarriage, hydatidiform moles, septic pregnancy, and hemorrhage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is preeclampsia and who is at higher risk for it?

    <p>Preeclampsia, or toxemia, develops in months 8-9 in 6-7% of pregnancies. It is most common in primiparous/multiparous carriers over age 35, black carriers, those with hypertension, and obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gestational diabetes and how is it controlled?

    <p>Gestational diabetes occurs in 1/350 pregnancies in the US. The carrier's cells do not respond well enough to insulin, causing an increase in blood glucose levels and abnormally large fetuses. It is controlled through diet, exercise, and in severe cases medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occurrence rate of ectopic pregnancies in the US?

    <p>The occurrence rate of ectopic pregnancies in the US is 1%, with most occurring as tubal pregnancies (96%) and the rest as abdominal pregnancies (4%).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for abdominal pregnancies?

    <p>Risk factors for abdominal pregnancies include age, multiparious carriers, non-whites, previous pelvic inflammation/endometriosis, and certain forms of birth control use (mini pill, IUD, tubal sterilization).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some other pregnancy complications?

    <p>Other pregnancy complications include hydatidiform moles, septic pregnancy, and hemorrhage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of successful full-term pregnancies involve healthy newborns?

    <p>Of those pregnancies which reach full term, 87% involve healthy newborns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy risk of death for carriers in Canada?

    <p>The pregnancy risk of death for carriers in Canada is 11/100000 (0.0011%).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of human placental lactogen (hPL)?

    <p>Human placental lactogen (hPL) helps increase glucose for fetal nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential consequences of chronic alcohol use during pregnancy?

    <p>Some potential consequences of chronic alcohol use during pregnancy include fetal death and severe defects/damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of the umbilical cord in fetal development.

    <p>The umbilical cord is responsible for transferring nutrients and oxygen from the carrier to the fetus through the umbilical vein, and for removing waste products from the fetus back to the carrier through the umbilical arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential risks associated with Rh incompatibility during pregnancy?

    <p>Rh incompatibility can lead to the production of antibodies in the carrier's body, which may attack Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies, potentially causing harm to the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the impact of environmental pollutants on embryo development.

    <p>Environmental pollutants, such as mercury, lead, and arsenic, can be especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of embryo development, potentially leading to adverse effects on the developing fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do substances like alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants affect the developing fetus?

    <p>Substances like alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants can cause harm to the developing fetus, particularly during embryo development, and can lead to severe negative effects during the first trimester of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the significance of early nervous system development in fetal development.

    <p>The early development of the nervous system around week 8 allows for neuromuscular coordination and sensory nervous system development, playing a crucial role in the overall fetal development process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some methods used for fetal evaluation?

    <p>Fetal evaluation methods include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetoscopy, and ultrasound, which provide information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the impact of radiation exposure on the developing fetus.

    <p>Radiation exposure can be harmful to the developing fetus, acting as a mutagen and increasing the risk of birth defects, making it a potential risk factor during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of preembryos die prior to implantation?

    <p>Approximately 30% of preembryos die prior to implantation, highlighting the challenges associated with early stages of pregnancy and embryo development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the relationship between the carrier's blood circulation and the fetal circulatory system.

    <p>The carrier's blood circulation and the fetal circulatory system are connected through the umbilical cord, with the umbilical vein carrying oxygenated blood and the umbilical arteries carrying deoxygenated blood, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main nutrients transferred from the carrier to the fetus through the umbilical cord?

    <p>The main nutrients transferred from the carrier to the fetus through the umbilical cord include sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, playing a crucial role in supporting fetal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the impact of Rh incompatibility on future pregnancies.

    <p>Rh incompatibility can affect future pregnancies carried by the carrier when the carrier is Rh- and the sperm donor is Rh+, potentially leading to antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies, highlighting the importance of Rh compatibility in pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that can potentially lead to congenital disorders?

    <p>Genetic/chromosomal abnormalities are related to congenital disorders, with only 1/3 of all embryos created resulting in a live birth, emphasizing the significance of genetic factors in fetal development and the occurrence of congenital disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which week does the neural tube begin to develop in the embryonic period?

    <p>Week 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which week do finger rays emerge during the embryonic period?

    <p>Week 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does the fetus's skin become covered in vernix caseosa and lanugo?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the fetus during the 6th month of pregnancy?

    <p>skin covered in fatty secretions (vernix caseosa) and downy hair (lanugo)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pregnancy, the overall red blood cell count increases by __%

    <p>20-30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preeclampsia (toxemia) develops in months 8-9 in -% of pregnancies

    <p>6-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestational diabetes occurs in __/350 in the US

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occurrence rate of ectopic pregnancies in the US is __%

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nearly half of all zygotes/preembryos spontaneously abort – miscarry – right before or after implantation. Roughly __% of established pregnancies result in miscarriage

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of those pregnancies which reach full term, __% involve healthy newborns

    <p>87</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pregnancy risk of death for carriers in Canada is __/100000 (0.0011%)

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mild forms of preeclampsia are treated with diet/monitoring, severe cases require __ delivery

    <p>premature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydatidiform Moles result in abnormal development of chorionic villi, resulting in a fluid-filled cystic __

    <p>tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carrier's cells do not respond well enough to insulin in __ diabetes

    <p>gestational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The placenta begins to secrete several estrogens, mainly __, around week 5 of pregnancy

    <p>estriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardiovascular system output increases as blood volume increases by -% during pregnancy

    <p>45-50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately 30% of ______ die prior to implantation, and only 1/3 of all embryos created result in a live birth, with genetic/chromosomal abnormalities related to congenital disorders

    <p>preembryos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rh incompatibility affects future fetuses carried by the carrier when the carrier is Rh- and the sperm donor is Rh+, leading to antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent ______

    <p>pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Substances, agents, viruses, and bacteria, including alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants, can cause harm to the developing fetus, particularly during ______ development

    <p>embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many viruses and bacteria, such as HIV, rubella, and bacterial vaginosis, are implicated in fetal death and severe ______/damage

    <p>defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental pollutants, including mercury, lead, and arsenic, are especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of ______ development

    <p>embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco can have severe negative effects during the first trimester, with alcohol able to pass across the placental barrier and chronic use increasing the risk of fetal alcohol ______

    <p>syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation exposure can be harmful to the developing child as it acts as a mutagen, increasing the risk of ______ defects

    <p>birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fetal evaluation methods include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetoscopy, and ______, providing information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development

    <p>ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The growing uterus displaces other organs in the abdominal and pelvic region of the carrier, causing temporary displacement and stretching of muscles and skin to accommodate the ______

    <p>fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the fetus's nutrients come from the carrier through the umbilical cord, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, while wastes are passed back to the ______

    <p>carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood, and there are three mechanisms of diversion in the circulatory ______

    <p>system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system begins development around week 8, allowing for early neuromuscular coordination and sensory nervous system ______

    <p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Points on Pregnancy and Fetal Development

    • The growing uterus displaces other organs in the abdominal and pelvic region of the carrier, causing temporary displacement and stretching of muscles and skin to accommodate the fetus.
    • Most of the fetus's nutrients come from the carrier through the umbilical cord, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, while wastes are passed back to the carrier.
    • The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood, and there are three mechanisms of diversion in the circulatory system.
    • The nervous system begins development around week 8, allowing for early neuromuscular coordination and sensory nervous system development.
    • Approximately 30% of preembryos die prior to implantation, and only 1/3 of all embryos created result in a live birth, with genetic/chromosomal abnormalities related to congenital disorders.
    • Rh incompatibility affects future fetuses carried by the carrier when the carrier is Rh- and the sperm donor is Rh+, leading to antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies.
    • Substances, agents, viruses, and bacteria, including alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants, can cause harm to the developing fetus, particularly during embryo development.
    • Many viruses and bacteria, such as HIV, rubella, and bacterial vaginosis, are implicated in fetal death and severe defects/damage.
    • Environmental pollutants, including mercury, lead, and arsenic, are especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of embryo development.
    • Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco can have severe negative effects during the first trimester, with alcohol able to pass across the placental barrier and chronic use increasing the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
    • Radiation exposure can be harmful to the developing child as it acts as a mutagen, increasing the risk of birth defects.
    • Fetal evaluation methods include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetoscopy, and ultrasound, providing information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development.

    Key Points on Pregnancy and Fetal Development

    • The growing uterus displaces other organs in the abdominal and pelvic region of the carrier, causing temporary displacement and stretching of muscles and skin to accommodate the fetus.
    • Most of the fetus's nutrients come from the carrier through the umbilical cord, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, while wastes are passed back to the carrier.
    • The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood, and there are three mechanisms of diversion in the circulatory system.
    • The nervous system begins development around week 8, allowing for early neuromuscular coordination and sensory nervous system development.
    • Approximately 30% of preembryos die prior to implantation, and only 1/3 of all embryos created result in a live birth, with genetic/chromosomal abnormalities related to congenital disorders.
    • Rh incompatibility affects future fetuses carried by the carrier when the carrier is Rh- and the sperm donor is Rh+, leading to antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies.
    • Substances, agents, viruses, and bacteria, including alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants, can cause harm to the developing fetus, particularly during embryo development.
    • Many viruses and bacteria, such as HIV, rubella, and bacterial vaginosis, are implicated in fetal death and severe defects/damage.
    • Environmental pollutants, including mercury, lead, and arsenic, are especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of embryo development.
    • Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco can have severe negative effects during the first trimester, with alcohol able to pass across the placental barrier and chronic use increasing the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
    • Radiation exposure can be harmful to the developing child as it acts as a mutagen, increasing the risk of birth defects.
    • Fetal evaluation methods include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetoscopy, and ultrasound, providing information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development.

    Key Points on Pregnancy and Fetal Development

    • The growing uterus displaces other organs in the abdominal and pelvic region of the carrier, causing temporary displacement and stretching of muscles and skin to accommodate the fetus.
    • Most of the fetus's nutrients come from the carrier through the umbilical cord, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, while wastes are passed back to the carrier.
    • The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood, and the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood, and there are three mechanisms of diversion in the circulatory system.
    • The nervous system begins development around week 8, allowing for early neuromuscular coordination and sensory nervous system development.
    • Approximately 30% of preembryos die prior to implantation, and only 1/3 of all embryos created result in a live birth, with genetic/chromosomal abnormalities related to congenital disorders.
    • Rh incompatibility affects future fetuses carried by the carrier when the carrier is Rh- and the sperm donor is Rh+, leading to antibodies attacking Rh+ fetuses in subsequent pregnancies.
    • Substances, agents, viruses, and bacteria, including alcohol, drugs, and environmental contaminants, can cause harm to the developing fetus, particularly during embryo development.
    • Many viruses and bacteria, such as HIV, rubella, and bacterial vaginosis, are implicated in fetal death and severe defects/damage.
    • Environmental pollutants, including mercury, lead, and arsenic, are especially damaging during weeks 4-7 of embryo development.
    • Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco can have severe negative effects during the first trimester, with alcohol able to pass across the placental barrier and chronic use increasing the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
    • Radiation exposure can be harmful to the developing child as it acts as a mutagen, increasing the risk of birth defects.
    • Fetal evaluation methods include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetoscopy, and ultrasound, providing information on genetic abnormalities and fetal development.

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