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Questions and Answers
Where does implantation usually occur?
Where does implantation usually occur?
In a tubal pregnancy, what will the patient probably require?
In a tubal pregnancy, what will the patient probably require?
How long does the embryonic stage of pregnancy usually last?
How long does the embryonic stage of pregnancy usually last?
What disease is capable of causing birth defects when a patient is exposed during the first trimester?
What disease is capable of causing birth defects when a patient is exposed during the first trimester?
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What hormone does the placenta secrete along with estrogen and progesterone?
What hormone does the placenta secrete along with estrogen and progesterone?
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What protects the fetus from most bacterial invasions?
What protects the fetus from most bacterial invasions?
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What does the intrapartal period in the maternity cycle cover?
What does the intrapartal period in the maternity cycle cover?
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What is the expected date of birth (EDB) for a woman whose last menstrual period was July 10?
What is the expected date of birth (EDB) for a woman whose last menstrual period was July 10?
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Which is a positive sign of pregnancy?
Which is a positive sign of pregnancy?
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Why does frequency of urination occur early in pregnancy?
Why does frequency of urination occur early in pregnancy?
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Sexual activity during pregnancy should be?
Sexual activity during pregnancy should be?
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How is the obstetrical information recorded for a woman who is pregnant for the third time with two term births and one miscarriage?
How is the obstetrical information recorded for a woman who is pregnant for the third time with two term births and one miscarriage?
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When can a primigravida expect to feel fetal movement?
When can a primigravida expect to feel fetal movement?
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At what fetal developmental week can the fetal heart tone be heard with an amplified stethoscope?
At what fetal developmental week can the fetal heart tone be heard with an amplified stethoscope?
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Maternal antibodies transferred to the baby provide immunity for how long?
Maternal antibodies transferred to the baby provide immunity for how long?
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What can help relieve morning sickness during the first trimester?
What can help relieve morning sickness during the first trimester?
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What is a result of the increase in circulating volume during pregnancy?
What is a result of the increase in circulating volume during pregnancy?
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What recommendation can be made to reduce chloasma during pregnancy?
What recommendation can be made to reduce chloasma during pregnancy?
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What should a pregnant patient do to alleviate urinary frequency during the final weeks of pregnancy?
What should a pregnant patient do to alleviate urinary frequency during the final weeks of pregnancy?
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Which complaint could signal danger in a pregnant teenager?
Which complaint could signal danger in a pregnant teenager?
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What is recommended to prevent or relieve lower back pain during pregnancy?
What is recommended to prevent or relieve lower back pain during pregnancy?
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What can help a pregnant woman having difficulty sleeping?
What can help a pregnant woman having difficulty sleeping?
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At 6 weeks, which organ has a functioning role in the embryo?
At 6 weeks, which organ has a functioning role in the embryo?
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What effect can smoking have on a fetus?
What effect can smoking have on a fetus?
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When can the sex of the fetus be well defined?
When can the sex of the fetus be well defined?
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What is the fetal well-being test called that helps determine fetal lung maturity?
What is the fetal well-being test called that helps determine fetal lung maturity?
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What should a pregnant woman's diet include more of?
What should a pregnant woman's diet include more of?
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What sign of pregnancy complication must be reported to the physician?
What sign of pregnancy complication must be reported to the physician?
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What do the arteries in the umbilical cord carry?
What do the arteries in the umbilical cord carry?
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To assess an accurate fundal height, what should the patient do?
To assess an accurate fundal height, what should the patient do?
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What characteristics can amniocentesis determine? Match the options.
What characteristics can amniocentesis determine? Match the options.
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What is the fetal side of the placenta called?
What is the fetal side of the placenta called?
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What are the two components of the fetal membrane?
What are the two components of the fetal membrane?
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What is the expected fundal height during the 30th week of gestation?
What is the expected fundal height during the 30th week of gestation?
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What is considered a reactive result in a non-stress test regarding fetal heart rate?
What is considered a reactive result in a non-stress test regarding fetal heart rate?
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Study Notes
Implantation and Ectopic Pregnancy
- Implantation of the fertilized ovum typically occurs in the fundus of the uterus.
- Ectopic pregnancy requires surgical removal of the zygote, as it occurs outside the uterine cavity.
Embryonic Development
- The embryonic stage of pregnancy lasts about 8 weeks, marking significant early development.
Teratogens
- German measles (rubella) during the first trimester can lead to birth defects, making it a serious concern for pregnant women.
Placenta Functions
- The placenta acts as an endocrine gland, secreting hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
- It serves as a barrier, protecting the fetus from most bacteria while still allowing some substances to pass.
Maternity Cycle and Estimated Date of Birth
- The intrapartal period spans the onset of labor to the delivery of the placenta.
- The estimated date of birth (EDB) is calculated by counting from the first day of the last menstrual period, subtracting three months and adding seven days.
Signs of Pregnancy
- A positive sign of pregnancy includes ultrasonic tracing of the fetus, while other signs such as Chadwick's and Goodell's are considered probable signs.
Urinary Frequency
- Increased urinary frequency in early pregnancy is attributed to increased circulating volume and pressure from the enlarging uterus on the bladder.
- In later pregnancy, urinary frequency may return due to the enlarged uterus compressing the bladder.
Sexual Activity and Pregnancy
- Sexual activity should cease if vaginal bleeding occurs until the cause is determined.
Obstetrical Terminology
- Gravida (G) indicates total pregnancies, Term (T) indicates term births, Abortion (A) indicates miscarriages, and Living (L) indicates living children.
Fetal Movement and Heart Tone
- First fetal movements (quickening) can be felt between 16-18 weeks of gestation.
- The fetal heart tone can be detected with an amplified stethoscope around 16 weeks.
Maternal Immunity Transfer
- Maternal antibodies transferred to the baby provide immunity for up to 6 months post-birth.
Morning Sickness Remedies
- Eating dry crackers before getting up may alleviate morning sickness.
Hemoglobin Levels
- An increase in maternal circulating volume during pregnancy can result in a relative decrease in hemoglobin levels.
Chloasma Management
- To reduce chloasma (skin pigmentation changes), pregnant women should avoid sun exposure.
Nutrition During Pregnancy
- A well-balanced diet should include more leafy green vegetables and fruits, emphasizing dietary roughage.
Danger Signals
- Vaginal bleeding during any time in pregnancy is a cause for immediate medical consultation.
Umbilical Cord Arteries
- The umbilical cord carries deoxygenated blood back to the placenta via its arteries.
Fundal Height Measurement
- Accurate measurement of fundal height requires the bladder to be emptied beforehand.
Amniocentesis
- Amniocentesis is a procedure used to determine the sex, maturity, health, and genetic defects of the fetus.
Placenta Structure
- The fetal side of the placenta is known as "Shiny Schultz," while the maternal side is referred to as "Dirty Duncan."
Fetal Membranes
- The chorion and the amnion make up the fetal membranes, important for fetal development.
Fundal Height at 30 Weeks
- Fundal height in centimeters typically equals the gestational age in weeks; thus, at 30 weeks, it would measure 30 centimeters.
Non-Stress Test
- A reactive non-stress test shows an increase of at least 15 beats per minute in the fetal heart rate upon stimulation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on human reproduction, including implantation, ectopic pregnancy, and embryonic development. This quiz covers the functions of the placenta, the impact of teratogens, and important aspects of the maternity cycle. Prepare to dive into the fascinating process of human gestation and birth!
