Pregnancy and Embryonic Development Quiz

Study Notes

Implantation and Placenta Formation

After implantation, trophoblasts develop finger-like projections known as chorionic villi.
Chorionic villi intermingle with uterine tissue to form a structure called the placenta, which serves as an interface between the developing embryo (fetus) and the maternal body.

Functions of the Placenta

The placenta is vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the embryo.
It facilitates the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from the embryo's metabolism.
The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the embryo, enabling the exchange of substances.

Hormonal Role of the Placenta

Functions as an endocrine organ, producing hormones essential for pregnancy:
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- Human placental lactogen (hPL)
- Estrogens and progestogens
Relaxin is secreted by the ovary in the later stages of pregnancy, aiding in childbirth.

Changes in Hormonal Levels During Pregnancy

Pregnancy triggers a significant increase in various hormones in maternal blood:
- hCG, hPL, estrogens, and progestogens are produced exclusively during pregnancy.
- Levels of cortisol, prolactin, and thyroxine also rise substantially, supporting fetal growth and the mother's metabolic adjustments.

Embryonic Development

Post-implantation, the inner cell mass differentiates into the embryo, marking the beginning of embryonic development.

Description

Test your knowledge on pregnancy and embryonic development, focusing on the formation and function of the placenta. Understand the role of chorionic villi and the interaction with uterine tissue during this critical phase. This quiz will cover key concepts related to maternal-fetal connections.