Neurulation

The folding process in vertebrate embryos where the neural plate transforms into the neural tube.

The structure formed from the neural plate during neurulation; the precursor to the central nervous system.

The initial method of neural tube formation.

A signaling pathway that can prevent neural tube formation if activated

A transition in cell adhesion that may be involved during neurulation.

Flattened sheet-like structure.

A flexible rod-like structure that is part of the chordate features

structures that are present in chordate embryos but can be modified in later stages

A signaling pathway essential for proper neural tube closure. It ensures coordinated cell movement and orientation during development.

A protein involved in both canonical Wnt signaling and PCP pathways. Different domains of Dsh are involved in each pathway.

A domain found in Dishevelled that mediates canonical Wnt signaling and PCP.

A domain found in Dishevelled specifically involved in PCP signaling.

A crucial protein in the PCP pathway. It binds to Dishevelled and is essential for proper neural tube closure.

Distinguishing characteristics of organisms belonging to the phylum Chordata. These features are present at some stage during development.

Abnormalities in the closure of the neural tube during development, leading to conditions like spina bifida or anencephaly.

The orientation of cells within a tissue, with one end pointed towards the outside (apical) and the other towards the inside (basal).

A change in cell adhesion during neurulation involving different types of proteins.

Different model organisms used in developmental biology research to study neurulation.

A mechanism of neural tube formation that involves the condensation of mesenchyme cells into an epithelial tube, distinct from primary neurulation involving folding.

A key protein involved in both canonical Wnt signaling and PCP pathways. Different domains of Dsh are involved in each pathway.

Domains within the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein. DPDZ is involved in both canonical Wnt signaling and PCP. DDEP is specifically involved in PCP.

A severe birth defect resulting from a complete failure of neural tube closure, leading to an open spinal cord and skull.

Segmented structures found in the hindbrain during early development. Rhombomeres arise from metameric regions of the neural tube.

A signaling molecule that helps establish distinct boundaries in the hindbrain. Ephrin molecules act as a chemorepulsive signal, pushing cells away.

A protein receptor that binds to Ephrin molecules. Ephrin receptors are also involved in the formation of distinct boundaries in the hindbrain.

A type of cell signaling where a molecule repels or drives cells away from each other. Ephrin and its receptor function as a chemorepulsive pair in hindbrain development.

A research paper published in 2007 in the journal Nature Reviews Neuroscience, titled 'Formation of midbrain and hindbrain.'

A research paper published in 1999 in the journal Nature, investigating the role of Ephrin signaling in the development of the hindbrain.

The part of the developing brain that will ultimately become the retina of the eye.

Structures that develop in the early embryo and contribute to the formation of different facial and neck structures.

A type of cell-to-cell communication where Eph receptors on one cell bind to Ephrin ligands on a neighboring cell, leading to changes in both cells.

A type of cell-cell signaling where the signaling molecule (ligand) is attached to the surface of one cell and interacts with a receptor on the surface of a neighboring cell.

Distinct segments along the hindbrain, marked by specific gene expression.

A marker gene used to identify rhombomere boundaries in developing embryos.

The organization of the nervous system along a top-to-bottom axis, with different cell types arranged in specific regions.

Signaling molecules that influence the development of different cell types based on their concentration.

Two key morphogens that influence the dorsal-ventral patterning of the nervous system.

A molecule involved in the BMP pathway and crucial for dorsal patterning of the nervous system.

The ability of the notochord to influence the development of neighboring cells, particularly those in the ventral neural tube.