Nervous System Development Quiz

A bend in the brainstem that divides the hindbrain into myelencephalon and metencephalon.

The caudal part of the hindbrain, developing into the medulla oblongata.

The part of the brain stem that is formed from the myelencephalon.

The rostral part of the hindbrain, developing into the pons and cerebellum.

The cavity of the hindbrain, formed from the hindbrain's cavity.

Isolated areas of gray matter in the medulla, mediating sensory information.

Isolated areas of gray matter in the medulla, mediating sensory information.

Motor fibers descending from the cerebral cortex, passing through the medulla.

Oldest part of the cerebellum, connecting with the vestibular apparatus.

Older part of cerebellum linked to limb sensory information.

Most recent part of the cerebellum; controls limb movement.

Initially grow in anterior, dorsal, and inferior directions, forming the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The neopallidum arches over the diencephalon.

The area between the frontal and temporal lobes, initially sunken, and later covered as other parts grow.

Rounded surface elevations on the cerebral hemispheres.

Grooves or furrows between the gyri on the cerebral hemispheres.

Gyri and sulci increase surface area of the cerebral cortex without needing a larger cranium.

Abnormal brain development is common, approximately 3 out of 1000 births, and is due to factors like genetic, nutritional, and environmental issues.

Most major birth defects result from defective closure of the rostral neuropore (an NTD) during the fourth week of development.

Meninges and CSF protrude from an opening, often in the occipital region, of the skull.

Protrusion of nerve tissue along with meninges and CSF.

Protrusion of ventricular cavity (fluid-filled space) along with meninges and CSF.

Part of the brainstem, named for the robust nerve fiber band crossing the median plane.

Small brain, the part of the brain that is involved in motor coordination, balance, and aspects of social/cognitive functions.

Part of the brainstem that undergoes less change during development

Channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles in the midbrain

Structures in the midbrain formed from migrating neuroblasts, involved in vision and hearing respectively

Dark-colored brain structure involved in movement, part of the midbrain; associated with Parkinson's disease

The ventral part of the midbrain; where fibers from the cerebrum pass

The rostral (front) part of the forebrain; including the primordia of the cerebral hemispheres.

The caudal (rear) part of the forebrain.

Cavities that form part of the telencephalon and contribute to the formation of the third ventricle

Outgrowths that develop on either side of the forebrain, become the retinas and optic nerves, a part of the forebrain.

Diverticula posterior to optic vesicles; the beginnings of the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

The process where the neural plate folds to form a hollow tube, the precursor to the central nervous system (CNS).

Cells that detach during neural tube formation and give rise to components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including nerves and ganglia.

The specialized embryonic tissue that develops into the nervous system.

A thickened area of ectoderm that gives rise to the neural tube during nervous system development.

The process of forming the neural tube from the neural plate.

The development of the central nervous system from the neural tube.

The development of the peripheral nervous system from the neural crest.

The notochord induces the formation of the neural plate, initiating CNS development.

The cranial opening in the neural tube that closes to complete the formation of the brain.

The caudal opening of the neural tube, that closes to complete the spinal cord formation.

Cells forming the initial wall of the neural tube; precursors to neurons and macroglial cells.

Innermost layer of the neural tube, containing neuroepithelial cells.

Outer layer of the neural tube, eventually becoming the white matter.

Intermediate layer of the neural tube; differentiates into gray matter.

Precursors to neurons that develop cytoplasmic processes.

Precursors to glial cells, supporting cells of the CNS.

Cells derived from neuroepithelial cells, lining the central canal.

Dorsal part of the spinal cord; forms dorsal gray horns.

Ventral part of the spinal cord; forms ventral gray horns.

Clusters of nerve cell bodies outside the spinal cord; contain unipolar neurons.

Shallow groove separating alar and basal plates.

Initially bipolar, the processes soon unite in a T-shape.

Acts as a dendrite, conducting signals toward the cell body.

Forms the dorsal roots of spinal nerves, entering the spinal cord.

Derived from neural crest and mesenchyme cells, forming the protective membranes.

Tough, outer meninx derived from surrounding mesenchyme.

Inner layer of meninges, composed of pia and arachnoid mater (leptomeninges).

Oligodendrocytes myelinate the central nervous system.

Schwann cells myelinate the peripheral nervous system.

Initially, the spinal cord spans the entire vertebral canal.

Vertebrae and dura grow faster than the spinal cord, pulling it lower.

Lower end of the spinal cord's adult position.

Thin strand extending from medullary cone, attaching to coccyx.

A bend in the brainstem dividing the hindbrain into myelencephalon & metencephalon, influencing medulla & pons formation.

The caudal (tail end) portion of the hindbrain; becomes the medulla oblongata.

The lower part of the brainstem; crucial for vital functions like breathing & heart rate.

The rostral (front) part of the hindbrain; leads to pons & cerebellum.

The hindbrain's central cavity, formed by hindbrain's cavity; continuous with the central canal.

Medial gray matter clusters in the medulla; sensory information processing.

Lateral gray matter clusters in the medulla; sensory information processing.

Motor fibers from cerebral cortex to spinal cord, passing through medulla, vital for movements.

The small brain, crucial for motor coordination, balance, and aspects of social cognition.

Oldest part of the cerebellum; vestibular apparatus connection.

Older part of cerebellum; receives sensory data from limbs and trunk.

Newest part of cerebellum; limb movement control.

The basal parts of the cerebral hemispheres, growing and bulging into the lateral ventricle, forming a striated structure.

Located in the cerebral hemisphere wall above the choroidal fissure, linked to smell, memory, and stem cells.

Developing cerebral hemispheres initially have three zones: ventricular, intermediate, and marginal.

Gray matter is found peripherally in the cerebral hemispheres, formed by migrating intermediate zone cells into the marginal zone.

Axons from the gray matter cells pass centrally, forming the large volume of white matter.

Three swellings develop in the lateral walls of the third ventricle, becoming the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Groups of nerve fibers (commissures) connecting corresponding areas of the cerebral hemispheres.

Rostral (anterior) end of forebrain, a path for cerebral commissures.

Connects olfactory bulbs and related areas between cerebral hemispheres.

Largest cerebral commissure, connecting neocortical areas.

The pons is a part of the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting the cerebral and cerebellar cortices with the spinal cord; its robust nerve fibers form a ridge on its anterior and lateral aspects.

The cerebellum is a part of the brain that's only 10% of the brain's volume but contains over 50% of its neurons; associated in motor coordination, balance, proprioception and social/cognitive /emotional behaviors.

The midbrain, or mesencephalon, is a part of the brainstem that undergoes less developmental change than other brain areas.

The cerebral aqueduct is a narrow channel in the midbrain that connects the third and fourth ventricles.

Colliculi (superior and inferior) are structures in the midbrain formed from migrating neuroblasts, involved in vision and hearing, respectively.

The substantia nigra is a dark-colored midbrain structure that plays a role in movement and is associated with Parkinson's disease.

Crus cerebri is the ventral region of the midbrain through which fibers from the cerebrum pass.

The rostral (front) part of the forebrain, containing the beginnings of the cerebral hemispheres.

The caudal (rear) part of the forebrain.

The lateral ventricles are interconnected cavities within the telencephalon that are connected to the third ventricle.

Two outgrowths appearing on either side of the forebrain, developing into retinas and optic nerves.

Arise more dorsally and rostrally from the forebrain, forming the beginnings of the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles