D- and F-Block Elements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is primarily responsible for the variety of oxidation states in transition elements?

  • Completely filled d orbitals
  • Presence of s electrons
  • Partly filled d orbitals (correct)
  • High electronegativity

    • Which property is NOT typically associated with transition metals?

  • High ionization energies (correct)
  • Formation of colored ions
  • Paramagnetic behavior
  • Catalytic activity

    • Why is zinc not considered a transition element?

  • It does not form complexes.
  • It has no d electrons.
  • It has a completely filled 3d orbital. (correct)
  • It is an alkaline earth metal.

    • What trend is observed among transition elements compared to main group elements?

    <p>Greater horizontal similarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of transition metals?

    <p>High reduction potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which series of transition metals does not include elements whose d orbitals are progressively filled?

    <p>3f series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is not considered a transition element?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the f-block elements primarily contribute to in modern technology?

    <p>Nuclear energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the d-block elements?

    <p>They consist of groups 3-12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What oxidation state is most commonly exhibited by transition metals?

    <p>Variable oxidation states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of elements constitutes the inner transition metals?

    <p>Thorium and Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is not typically associated with the d-block elements?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the arrangement of f-block elements within the periodic table?

    <p>Separated to form a distinct block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which series of inner transition metals begins with Ac?

    <p>Actinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are not regarded as transition metals due to their filled d orbitals?

    <p>Zinc, cadmium, and mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about transition elements?

    <p>They must have incompletely filled d orbitals in at least one oxidation state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of metals includes silver, gold, and platinum?

    <p>Precious metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the presence of partly filled d or f orbitals allow in transition elements?

    <p>Wider range of oxidation states and complex formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the usual theory of valence be applied to transition elements?

    <p>It can be applied successfully, similar to main group elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metals are considered industrially important among transition metals?

    <p>Iron, copper, and titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer electronic configuration of Chromium (Cr)?

    <p>4s^2 3d^5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the electronic configuration of the first row (3d) transition metals?

    <p>They have partially filled d orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the electronic configuration of 5s^2 4d^10?

    <p>Cadmium (Cd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the characteristics of transition elements?

    <p>They often form colored compounds and possess variable oxidation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the study of transition metals significant compared to main group elements?

    <p>Their chemistry is more complex due to variable oxidation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is not regarded as a transition element?

    <p>Mercury (Hg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the highest number of 3d electrons in the first series of transition elements?

    <p>Nickel (Ni)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronic configuration of Silver (Ag)?

    <p>5s^1 4d^10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of electronic configuration, which element has one electron in the 5s subshell?

    <p>Molybdenum (Mo)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer electronic configuration of Yttrium (Y)?

    <p>5s^2 4d^1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the 4d orbital configuration of Ruthenium (Ru)?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many d electrons does Manganese (Mn) have?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general electronic configuration of the d-block transition elements?

    <p>(n-1)d1–10 ns1–2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transition element configuration is an exception to the standard electronic configuration rules?

    <p>3d5 4s1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What energy level do the d-block metals occupy in relation to the periodic table?

    <p>They are flanked by s- and p-block elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do exceptions occur in the electronic configurations of certain transition metals?

    <p>The (n-1)d and ns orbitals have a very small energy difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration of copper (Cu)?

    <p>3d10 4s1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electron(s) can the outermost ns orbital of the transition elements accommodate?

    <p>1 or 2 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What series of transition elements is still considered incomplete?

    <p>6d series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the position of d-block elements in the periodic table?

    <p>They are positioned in the middle of the table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of transition metals?

    <p>They have high oxidation states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are half-filled and completely filled sets of orbitals considered more stable?

    <p>They have lower energy configurations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    D- and F-Block Elements

    • Transition elements (iron, copper, silver, gold) have been crucial to human development and are important sources of nuclear energy
    • The d-block elements (groups 3-12) have progressively filled d orbitals in the four long periods
    • The f-block elements involve filling 4f and 5f orbitals in the last two long periods.
    • They're conventionally part of group 3, but are separate in the table
    • "Transition metals" and "inner transition metals" refer to d- and f-block elements respectively

    Electronic Configurations

    • Transition elements' general electronic configuration is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2
    • The (n-1) refers to the inner d orbitals, which can contain 1 to 10 electrons
    • The outermost ns orbital can have 1 or 2 electrons
    • Exceptions exist due to slight energy differences between (n-1)d and ns orbitals, leading to more stable half- or completely filled orbitals

    Transition Metal Series

    • There are three main transition metal series: 3d (Sc to Zn), 4d (Y to Cd), and 5d (La to Hg, omitting Ce to Lu)
    • A 6d series (starting with Ac) is incomplete
    • Lanthanides (4f) and Actinides (5f) are inner transition series
    • Transition elements are defined by incompletely filled d orbitals (either in ground state or oxidation states)
    • Elements Zn, Cd, and Hg, despite being in group 12, are not considered transition metals since they have completely filled d orbitals (in ground and oxidation states).

    General Properties

    • Transition elements have varying oxidation states.
    • Formation of colored ions.
    • Entering into complex compound formations with diverse ligands
    • Catalytic properties
    • Paramagnetic behaviour
    • Greater horizontal similarities in properties compared to the main group elements
    • Show some group similarities as well

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    Unit 8: The d- and f-Block Elements PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the d- and f-block elements, including transition metals and their electronic configurations. Understand the significance of these elements in human development and their roles in nuclear energy. Dive into the details of transition metal series and their properties.

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