Elbow Assessment Techniques

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What is the function of the olecranon bursa?

Acts as a cushion between the skin and the olecranon process

What clinical presentation is associated with olecranon bursitis?

Swelling and tenderness of the bursa

How can you suspect epicondylitis or tendonitis in a patient?

Point tenderness at the lateral epicondyle or along the grooves of the olecranon process and epicondyles, increased pain with pronation and supination of the elbow

What is the expected range of motion for elbow flexion and extension?

Flexion of 160 degrees, extension returning to 0 degrees or 180 degrees of full extension Signup and view all the answers

How can you identify a shoulder dislocation during examination?

Asymmetric shoulder contour with hollows in one shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What are the articulations present in the forearm joints?

The articulations in the forearm joints are between the radius and ulna at both proximal and distal locations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal joint?

Hammertoe Signup and view all the answers

What deformity is present when there is hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal and distal joints?

Claw toe Signup and view all the answers

Describe the movement permitted by the elbow joint.

The elbow is a hinge joint that permits movement of the humerus and ulna in one plane, allowing flexion and extension. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for lateral deviation of the great toe which may cause overlapping with the second toe?

Hallux valgus Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the elbow?

The elbow joint is a hinge joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the olecranon bursa in the elbow?

The olecranon bursa lies between the olecranon and the skin, providing cushioning and reducing friction. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by the formation of a bunion at the pressure point of the great toe?

Inflamed joint Signup and view all the answers

What structures form the arch surrounding and protecting the glenohumeral joint (shoulder)?

The acromion and coracoid processes, along with the ligament between them, form the arch around the glenohumeral joint. Signup and view all the answers

What signs suggest an inflamed joint that may be caused by conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout?

Heat, redness, swelling, and tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpating the groove on each side of the olecranon process during an examination?

To check for tenderness, swelling, and thickening of the synovial membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What are Heberden nodes and where are they commonly found?

Heberden nodes are associated with degenerative joint disease and are found at the distal interphalangeal joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of motion for wrist flexion and hyperextension?

Wrist flexion can range up to 90 degrees, while hyperextension can reach 70 degrees. Signup and view all the answers

What does a carrying angle of 5 to 15 degrees indicate in the arm?

It is the expected carrying angle of the arm and is considered normal. Signup and view all the answers

What can telescoping digits with hypermobile joints indicate?

Telescoping digits with hypermobile joints can be indicative of certain musculoskeletal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are Heberden nodes and where are they located?

Painful swellings along the distal interphalangeal joints Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by cystic, round, non-tender swellings along tendon sheaths or joint capsules that are more prominent with flexion?

Ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Describe the expected range of motion at the metacarpophalangeal joint when bending the fingers forward.

Metacarpophalangeal flexion of 90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What should be the range of hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joint when stretching the fingers up and back?

Up to 30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What should be possible when the patient spreads the fingers apart and then touches them together?

Both movements should be possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected flexion range of the elbow?

90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected hyperextension range of the elbow?

70 degrees Signup and view all the answers

How do you evaluate wrist muscle strength?

Apply opposing force while patient maintains wrist flexion and hyperextension. Signup and view all the answers

How do you test hand strength?

Have the patient tightly grip two of your fingers. Signup and view all the answers

What may subcutaneous nodules along pressure points of the ulnar surface indicate?

Rheumatoid nodule or gouty tophi Signup and view all the answers

What are the subjective and objective data associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Subjective Data: Numbness, burning, and tingling in the hands often occur at night. Objective Data: Weakness of the thumb and flattening of the thenar eminence of the palm. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pathophysiology of Gout.

Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints and surrounding tissues, causing acute inflammatory attacks. Signup and view all the answers

What are the common subjective and objective data associated with Osteomyelitis?

Subjective Data: Dull pain at the involved site progressing over days to weeks. Objective Data: Signs of infection like edema, erythema, tenderness, and inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the pathophysiology of Bursitis.

Bursitis is caused by inflammation of the bursa due to repetitive movement, excessive pressure, infection, or gout. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key features of Paget Disease of the Bone (Osteitis Deformans)?

Paget Disease of the Bone typically appears in individuals older than 45 years and involves excessive bone resorption and formation, leading to characteristic deformities. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the patient data associated with Osteoarthritis.

Patients with Osteoarthritis often experience pain in hands, feet, hips, knees, and spine, with onset after 40 years of age. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis is unknown, involving aggregation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in synovial tissue, releasing inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the subjective and objective data associated with Lumbar Stenosis?

Subjective Data: Pain with walking or standing upright, originating in the buttocks. Objective Data: Lower extremity weakness and sensory loss with progression. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the patient data related to Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome.

Subjective Data: Unilateral facial pain worsening with joint movement. Objective Data: Muscle spasm, clicking, or popping in the affected joint. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Abnormalities in the spinal canal?

Narrowing of the spinal canal can lead to various symptoms, including lower extremity weakness and sensory loss. Signup and view all the answers