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Questions and Answers
What is a common treatment method for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures?
What is a common treatment method for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures?
Which procedure is mentioned as a treatment for wrist-related issues?
Which procedure is mentioned as a treatment for wrist-related issues?
What complication is associated with joint dislocation?
What complication is associated with joint dislocation?
What device is used for fixation after the closed reduction of fractures?
What device is used for fixation after the closed reduction of fractures?
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Which joint issue involving the wrist is commonly treated through a non-surgical method?
Which joint issue involving the wrist is commonly treated through a non-surgical method?
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What is the common cause of the injury mentioned in the content?
What is the common cause of the injury mentioned in the content?
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In what direction can the distal fragment be displaced?
In what direction can the distal fragment be displaced?
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What is indicated by the phrase 'with or without avulsion of the ulnar styloid'?
What is indicated by the phrase 'with or without avulsion of the ulnar styloid'?
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Which part of the radius is specifically mentioned as being affected?
Which part of the radius is specifically mentioned as being affected?
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Who is most likely to experience this type of injury?
Who is most likely to experience this type of injury?
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What procedure is indicated for a comminuted fracture of the head of the radius in an unstable elbow?
What procedure is indicated for a comminuted fracture of the head of the radius in an unstable elbow?
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Which procedure involves the excision or replacement of the head of the radius?
Which procedure involves the excision or replacement of the head of the radius?
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What distinguishes arthroplasty from excision in the treatment of comminuted fractures?
What distinguishes arthroplasty from excision in the treatment of comminuted fractures?
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Which type of fracture describes a fracture-dislocation of the ulna and an associated injury to the radius?
Which type of fracture describes a fracture-dislocation of the ulna and an associated injury to the radius?
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Which part of the arm is affected by a comminuted fracture of the head of the radius?
Which part of the arm is affected by a comminuted fracture of the head of the radius?
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What is essential for determining the location of a fracture in clinical assessment?
What is essential for determining the location of a fracture in clinical assessment?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the general principles in fracture management?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the general principles in fracture management?
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What type of fracture involves the joint surface?
What type of fracture involves the joint surface?
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Which step is critical after identifying the fracture site?
Which step is critical after identifying the fracture site?
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What is the primary benefit of having clear X-rays during the fracture assessment?
What is the primary benefit of having clear X-rays during the fracture assessment?
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the elbow region anatomy?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the elbow region anatomy?
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What is a common mechanism of trauma that can lead to elbow and forearm fractures?
What is a common mechanism of trauma that can lead to elbow and forearm fractures?
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When assessing a patient with a suspected elbow fracture, which factor would NOT typically be considered in the clinical picture?
When assessing a patient with a suspected elbow fracture, which factor would NOT typically be considered in the clinical picture?
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Which of the following best describes a 'wind swept injury'?
Which of the following best describes a 'wind swept injury'?
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In the anatomy of the forearm, which bones are found in the mid shaft region?
In the anatomy of the forearm, which bones are found in the mid shaft region?
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What is the treatment indicated for a large fragment in an intra-articular fracture of the head of the radius?
What is the treatment indicated for a large fragment in an intra-articular fracture of the head of the radius?
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Which part of the humerus is associated with the lat condyle?
Which part of the humerus is associated with the lat condyle?
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In which region would you typically find a fracture of the olecranon?
In which region would you typically find a fracture of the olecranon?
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The term 'intra-articular fracture' refers to which type of injury?
The term 'intra-articular fracture' refers to which type of injury?
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What type of injury specifically involves the head of the radius?
What type of injury specifically involves the head of the radius?
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Study Notes
Elbow and Forearm Fractures
-
Anatomy:
- Elbow region: Distal Humerus, Head of Radius, Olecranon
- Mid shaft: Radius, Ulna
- Wrist region: Distal Radius, Head of Ulna
Mechanisms of Trauma
- Falling (extended or flexed)
- Motor car accident
- Wind swept injury (elbow striking car window)
Clinical Picture
- History: Age (infant, child, adult), Duration of fracture
- Skin condition
- Distal neurovascular condition
- Patient's general condition
General Principles
- Clinical assessment
- Clear X-rays
- Fracture site identification
- Classification (intra-articular fractures need anatomical reduction)
- Available facilities (X-rays, operation theater, instruments, expertise)
- Follow-up
Elbow Region Fractures
-
Distal Humerus:
- Supracondylar Fracture (SCFH)
- Lateral condyle fracture
- Medial condyle fracture
- Olecranon fracture
-
Head of Radius fracture
- Intra-articular fractures: large fragment - excision or arthroplasty, comminuted fragments - excision or arthroplasty
- Comminuted fractures of the head of radius: arthroplasty is better than excision, only indicated in unstable elbows
Mid Shaft Fractures
- Radius and Ulna fractures
Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation
- Fracture of the upper 1/3 ulna + dislocation of the superior radio-ulnar joint
- Types: Extension, Flexion, Lateral
- Treatment: ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of the ulna
Galeazzi Fracture-Dislocation
- Fracture of distal third of radius + dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
- Treatment: Open reduction, internal fixation of radial fracture, plating
Wrist Region Fractures
- Distal Radius Fractures
- Colles' fracture: distal 1 inch of radius, possibly with ulnar styloid avulsion, common in osteoporosis
- Displacement: backwards, upwards, laterally.
- Clinical presentation: Pain, tenderness, dinner-fork deformity
- Treatment: Closed reduction & plaster cast for 5 weeks
- Colles' fracture: distal 1 inch of radius, possibly with ulnar styloid avulsion, common in osteoporosis
- Fracture Scaphoid:
- May be impacted, not evident in early X-rays
- Treatment: Immobilization in scaphoid cast.
- Complications: Non-union and AVN (avascular necrosis) of proximal fragment.
- Treatment for nonunion: I.F. (internal fixation) + Bone Grafting (B.G.), proximal carpectomy, arthrodesis in later cases.
Fractures of metacarpals and phalanges
- Easily treated by closed reduction to correct deformity, plus K-wire fixation, or miniplate
Dislocations of Joints
- Various joints can be dislocated
Complications
- Trauma (open fractures, nerve trauma, vascular injury)
- Treatment-related (infection, nerve/vascular injury, tight cast)
- Healing (malunion, nonunion, stiff joints)
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Description
Test your knowledge on elbow and forearm fractures, including their anatomy, mechanisms of trauma, clinical picture, and general principles of assessment and management. This quiz covers specific types of fractures and their classifications, important for medical students and professionals.
