Geography IB 10

Tourism Resource Classifications

• Coastal town in Thailand attracts visitors with coral reefs, mangrove forests, and white-sand beaches.
• The government added a luxury marina, cultural museum, and a night market featuring local crafts
• Marinas and museums are categorized as secondary resources due to being human-created facilities.

Niche Tourism in Iceland

• Iceland's tourism board promotes glacier hiking, volcanic cave exploration, and midnight sun photography.
• These activities require minimal permanent infrastructure.
• Focuses on the region's raw landscapes.
• Glacier hiking, volcanic cave explorations, and midnight sun photography are niche tourism activities.

Social Media-Driven Exposure

• A viral TikTok video of bioluminescent plankton swimming in Puerto Rico caused a 200% surge in visitor numbers within six months.
• Local hotels now offer guided nighttime kayak tours exclusively developed due to it.

Sustainable Tourism in the Sahara Desert

• Sahara Desert luxury camps provide stargazing tours, camel treks, and traditional Berber cultural performances.
• Visitors sign agreements to minimize water use and avoid disturbing wildlife.
• The emphasis is on environmental conservation.

Wellness-Focused Experiences in Japan

• Japan's "Shinrin-yoku" (forest bathing) retreats cater to urban professionals seeking stress relief through guided nature walks.
• Participants disconnect from devices and engage in mindfulness exercises.
• This demonstrates a demand for wellness-focused experiences.

Climate Control Engineering: Dubai's Ski Dubai

• Dubai's Ski Dubai maintains subzero temperatures year-round in a desert climate through advanced cooling systems.
• Climate control engineering makes this attraction possible.

Eco-Tourism in Bhutan

• Bhutan charges tourists a daily fee of $200-$250 to fund community projects and environmental protection.
• Policy prioritizes low-volume, high-value tourism.
• Bhutan's tourism approach is eco-tourism.

Educational Tourism in Norway

• Norway's Svalbard Global Seed Vault provides guided tours to educate visitors about biodiversity conservation.
• There are strict rules against flash photography and loud noises to preserve the facility's integrity.
• Guided tours to educate visitors about biodiversity conservation is representative of educational tourism.

Virtual Reality Enhanced Pre-Trip Planning

• A travel agency uses virtual reality headsets to let clients "explore" Machu Picchu before booking trips.
• Customers can navigate 360-degree trails and view sunrise simulations.
• This technology enhances pre-trip marketing and decision-making.

Eco-Tourism in Kenya

• Kenya's Maasai Mara conservancies combine wildlife safaris with stays in eco-lodges built using local materials.
• Revenue funds anti-poaching units and scholarships for Maasai youth.
• Community empowerment and conservation are demonstrated within this context.

Secondary Resources: Caribbean Cruise Ship Destinations

• Cruise ships in the Caribbean often visit private islands owned by cruise lines
• Passengers dine at chain restaurants and shop at duty-free stores there.
• Private islands are classified as secondary tourism resources.

Health Crises: Cinque Terre, Italy

• Italy's Cinque Terre faced a 90% drop in visitors during the 2020 pandemic.
• Recovery efforts included installing touchless ticket systems and creating apps for crowd monitoring.
• Health crises affected tourism.

Sustainable Tourism in Antarctica

• Antarctica tours require visitors to follow strict biosecurity protocols.
• Examples include disinfecting boots and avoiding wildlife contact.
• Operators use ice-strengthened ships with minimal waste systems.
• This aligns with sustainable tourism in fragile environments.

Urban Outdoor Activities: Barcelona's "Superblocks"

• Barcelona's "superblocks" initiative redirects traffic from pedestrianized zones.
• Green spaces are created for outdoor yoga classes and pop-up markets.
• This has likely influenced growth in urban outdoor activities.

Carrying Capacity Management

• Nepal's government limits permits for Mount Everest climbs to reduce overcrowding and environmental damage.
• This regulation is primarily driven by carrying capacity management.

Secondary Tourism Resource: Singapore's Gardens by the Bay

• Singapore's Gardens by the Bay features artificial supertrees with solar panels and vertical gardens.
• This attraction draws 6 million visitors annually.
• It is a secondary tourism resource.

Environmental Integrity in Sustainable Tourism

• A resort in the Bahamas offers carbon-neutral weddings.
• It uses locally sourced food and compensating emissions via mangrove replanting.
• This action prioritizes environmental integrity.

Celebrity Tourism in South Korea

• South Korea's "K-pop Experience" tours include dance workshops, studio visits, and meet-and-greets with idols.
• This targets fans willing to pay premium prices for exclusive access.
• This niche tourism category is an example of celebrity tourism.

Unique Natural Conditions for Astronomy Tours

• Chile's Atacama Desert hosts astronomy tours due to its clear skies and minimal light pollution.
• Visitors use high-powered telescopes to observe galaxies.
• This tourism segment is enabled by unique natural conditions.

Adaptive Reuse of Infrastructure in Amsterdam

• Amsterdam's "Floating Homes" project converts abandoned cargo ships into boutique hotels.
• This addresses urban housing shortages while creating tourist accommodations.
• This illustrates adaptive reuse of infrastructure.

Community-Based Environmental Stewardship

• A Kenyan safari company employs former poachers as wildlife guides.
• It provides steady income and incentivizes conservation.
• This highlights community-based environmental stewardship.

Overtourism Impacts in Venice

Venice's "tourist tax" charges day-trippers €5 during peak seasons. It is used to fund maintenance of historic sites overwhelmed by visitors. This policy address overtourism impacts.

Volunteer Tourism in Costa Rica

• Costa Rica's Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve trains visitors to collect data on frog species during guided hikes.
• This tourism type combines travel with scientific participation.
• When tourism is combined with scientific participation, it is volunteer tourism.

Increased Appeal to Digitally Connected Travelers

• The Trans-Siberian Railway offers Wi-Fi, live journey-tracking apps, and sleeper cabins with charging ports.
• These technological changes have increased appeal to digitally connected travelers.

Social Equity and Development

• Fiji's resorts offer "voluntourism" packages where tourists rebuild schools during mornings and snorkel in afternoons.
• The school project supports the pillar of social equity and development.

Natural Disasters Reshaping Destinations

• After a hurricane damaged Florida's coastal hotels, the state promoted inland ecotourism sites like freshwater springs and wetlands.
• This demonstrates that natural disasters impact and reshape destinations.

Niche Adventure Tourism in Ethiopia

• Ethiopia's Danakil Depression offers guided tours of active volcanoes and salt flats, despite temperatures exceeding 50°C.
• This extreme environment makes it an example of a niche adventure type activity.

Online Reservation Systems

• Paris's Louvre Museum introduced timed entry tickets booked via smartphone to manage crowds, using the technological advancement of online reservation systems.

Primary Tourism Resource - Natural Darkness

• New Zealand's Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve restricts artificial lighting to protect stargazing conditions.
• The tourism resource classification that applies here is primarily due to the natural darkness.

Environmental Education and Low-Impact Practices

• A Bali surf school uses reef-safe sunscreen and organizes beach clean-ups for students.
• The actions emphasize environmental education and low-impact practices.

Labor Rights Controversies

• The 2022 World Cup in Qatar led to hotel construction booms in Doha, but also criticism over migrant worker conditions.
• Labor rights controversies illustrate tourism's social impact.

Long-Term Cultural Heritage Preservation

• Chile's Rapa Nui National Park limits annual visitors to 5,000.
• The goal is to protect Easter Island's moai statues from erosion.
• This sustainability principle focuses on preserving cultural heritage long-term.

Automation and Artificial Intelligence

• Japan's robot-staffed hotels use AI for check-ins, room service, and multilingual customer service.
• Automation and artificial intelligence support this model.

Secondary Tourism Resource: Toronto's Distillery District

• Toronto's Distillery District repurposed 19th-century whiskey factories into art galleries and cafes.
• This area is classified as a secondary tourism resource.

Preference for Immersive, Leisurely Experiences

• Switzerland's Glacier Express train route markets "slow travel" with panoramic windows for passengers to savor Alpine views.
• This reflects to a preference for immersive, leisurely experiences.

Balancing Visitor Numbers with Site Preservation

• Peru's Inca Trail requires hikers to hire local guides and limits permits to 500 people daily.
• This sustainable tourism strategy balances visitor numbers with site preservation.

Immersive Digital Experiences

• Dubai's Museum of the Future uses augmented reality to simulate life.
• This reflects immersive digital experiences.

Prioritizing Animal Welfare and Ethical Interactions

• Thailand's Elephant Nature Park rescues abused elephants and allows observation and prohibits riding.
• This reinforces to animal welfare and ethical interactions.

Mass Recreational Tourism Restrictions

• Hawaii's Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument bans fishing and diving.
• The goal is to protect endangered species.
• Mass recreational tourism is restricted here to achieve conservation goals.

Environmental Recovery and Protection

• The Philippines' Coron Island temporarily closed its lagoons in 2018.
• The purpose was to rehabilitate coral reefs damaged by unsupervised snorkeling.
• This prioritizes environmental recovery and protection.