25 Questions
What is the major energy source for colonocytes?
Butyrate
Which fiber type binds carcinogens, minimizing interactions with colonic mucosal cells?
Lignin
Which fatty acid slows the proliferation and enhances differentiation of colon cancer cells?
Butyric acid
What decreases synthesis of secondary bile acids by lowering luminal pH?
Dietary fibers
Which fatty acid is largely taken up by the liver?
Propionate
Which type of fiber is found in legumes, prunes, and apricots?
Soluble fiber
Which alternative sweetener is 7000–13,000 times sweeter than sugar?
Neotame
Which insoluble fiber source is listed in the text?
Wheat bran
Which alternative sweetener was sold under the name 'Splenda'?
Sucralose
What complex polymers of mixed monosaccharides are found in seaweeds and other algae?
Agar
What is the recommended consensus for energy intake from carbohydrates, fat, and protein?
55% energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
Source of metabolic fuel and energy stores
During starvation or absence of carbohydrates in the diet, what does the body break down for energy production?
Fat
Which statement best describes the relationship between dietary fat and risk of diseases?
Diets with over 35-40% energy from fat are associated with increased risk of heart disease and some cancers.
What does the statement 'fat burns in a CHO flame' imply?
Carbohydrates are essential for the breakdown of fats.
What is the role of butyrate in promoting differentiation, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis of transformed colonocytes?
Inhibiting the enzyme histone deacetylase
Which enzyme is often aberrantly active in cancers and is inhibited by butyrate?
Histone deacetylase
How does butyrate decrease the transformation of primary to secondary bile acids?
By increasing the pH of the colon
Which component of breast milk enhances the infant's ability to develop a desirable intestinal bacterial flora?
Prebiotic oligosaccharides
Which non-starch polysaccharide cannot be hydrolyzed by human enzymes?
Cellulose
What is the definition of Glycemic Index?
The effect of 50g of carbohydrates in a particular food on blood glucose levels
What is the main difference between Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load?
Glycemic Load considers the amount of carbohydrates in a standard serving, while Glycemic Index does not.
Which type of fiber cannot be digested by the human body?
Insoluble fiber
What is the main characteristic of soluble fiber?
It forms viscous solutions in water and can be broken down by intestinal bacteria
What is the function of Functional fiber?
It has beneficial effects in humans
Explore the impact of fiber fermentation on colonic health, including its role in reducing luminal pH, decreasing synthesis of secondary bile acids, and minimizing exposure to carcinogens. Learn how insoluble fibers like lignin bind with carcinogens to protect colonic mucosal cells.
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