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Questions and Answers
Coir comes from which fruit?
Coir comes from which fruit?
- Apple
- Coconut (correct)
- Orange
- Banana
What fiber is produced from rabbit hair?
What fiber is produced from rabbit hair?
Angora
What is the tight lengthwise yarn in a weave pattern called?
What is the tight lengthwise yarn in a weave pattern called?
Warp
What is the name of the checkerboard weave pattern?
What is the name of the checkerboard weave pattern?
Animal fibers are made of what macromolecule?
Animal fibers are made of what macromolecule?
What fiber is produced from goat hair?
What fiber is produced from goat hair?
What term describes fibers produced from raw materials such as coal or wood pulp that is spun together in a factory?
What term describes fibers produced from raw materials such as coal or wood pulp that is spun together in a factory?
What test is used to analyze the components of dyes in a fabric?
What test is used to analyze the components of dyes in a fabric?
What animal fiber is often used to make coats and gloves?
What animal fiber is often used to make coats and gloves?
Because fibers are mass produced, they are considered this type of evidence.
Because fibers are mass produced, they are considered this type of evidence.
Plant fibers are made of what carbohydrate?
Plant fibers are made of what carbohydrate?
What type of spectroscopy allows scientists to visualize the chemical structure of fibers?
What type of spectroscopy allows scientists to visualize the chemical structure of fibers?
What is the smallest indivisible unit of a textile, made up of many filaments twisted or bonded together?
What is the smallest indivisible unit of a textile, made up of many filaments twisted or bonded together?
What is the result of weaving yarns together?
What is the result of weaving yarns together?
What is the term for fibers that have been spun together?
What is the term for fibers that have been spun together?
What are small, repeating units that make up polymers called?
What are small, repeating units that make up polymers called?
What is the number of threads that are packed together for any given amount of fabric?
What is the number of threads that are packed together for any given amount of fabric?
What is a quick test used to classify fabric origins?
What is a quick test used to classify fabric origins?
What is a common mineral fiber?
What is a common mineral fiber?
What plant is used to make linen?
What plant is used to make linen?
What do scientists look at first to try to match a fiber to a location?
What do scientists look at first to try to match a fiber to a location?
What is the most durable synthetic fiber?
What is the most durable synthetic fiber?
Jute comes from which part of a plant?
Jute comes from which part of a plant?
Cotton comes from which part of a plant?
Cotton comes from which part of a plant?
What synthetic fiber is used in polar fleece?
What synthetic fiber is used in polar fleece?
What is a destructive test that allows scientists to compare absorption in fabrics?
What is a destructive test that allows scientists to compare absorption in fabrics?
Regenerated fibers are made of what?
Regenerated fibers are made of what?
What is a diagonal weave pattern called?
What is a diagonal weave pattern called?
Hemp comes from which plant?
Hemp comes from which plant?
What type of light microscope allows scientists to observe optical properties of fibers?
What type of light microscope allows scientists to observe optical properties of fibers?
What is the first man-made fiber?
What is the first man-made fiber?
What is the crosswise yarn in a weave pattern called?
What is the crosswise yarn in a weave pattern called?
Transfer of fibers directly from suspect to victim or victim to suspect is termed what?
Transfer of fibers directly from suspect to victim or victim to suspect is termed what?
Silk comes from the cocoon of which caterpillar?
Silk comes from the cocoon of which caterpillar?
What kind of fiber is acetate?
What kind of fiber is acetate?
What kind of fiber is acrylic?
What kind of fiber is acrylic?
What kind of fiber is asbestos?
What kind of fiber is asbestos?
What kind of fiber is coir?
What kind of fiber is coir?
What kind of fiber is cotton?
What kind of fiber is cotton?
What kind of fiber is polyester?
What kind of fiber is polyester?
What kind of fiber is silk?
What kind of fiber is silk?
What kind of fiber is sisal?
What kind of fiber is sisal?
What kind of fiber is wool?
What kind of fiber is wool?
Natural fibers can be harvested from?
Natural fibers can be harvested from?
What percent of fiber evidence falls off in the first 24 hours after a crime?
What percent of fiber evidence falls off in the first 24 hours after a crime?
What non-destructive forensic test allows scientists to look at the optical properties of the fiber using specific wavelengths of light?
What non-destructive forensic test allows scientists to look at the optical properties of the fiber using specific wavelengths of light?
Which statement correctly shows the size order from smallest to largest?
Which statement correctly shows the size order from smallest to largest?
In order to weave a pattern, what threads will be arranged first and in a side-by-side manner?
In order to weave a pattern, what threads will be arranged first and in a side-by-side manner?
Denim is composed of a diagonal weave made of blue and white threads. What weave pattern is used to make denim?
Denim is composed of a diagonal weave made of blue and white threads. What weave pattern is used to make denim?
What is the benefit of a satin weave in clothing terms?
What is the benefit of a satin weave in clothing terms?
Angora hair is collected from which animal?
Angora hair is collected from which animal?
Silk is not frequently used as forensic evidence, why?
Silk is not frequently used as forensic evidence, why?
Jute comes from what part of a plant?
Jute comes from what part of a plant?
Synthetic fibers are made of long strings called?
Synthetic fibers are made of long strings called?
The first and most common man-made fiber is?
The first and most common man-made fiber is?
Fibers are considered what kind of evidence?
Fibers are considered what kind of evidence?
Plant fibers are made of what material?
Plant fibers are made of what material?
What fiber has been found to cause cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma?
What fiber has been found to cause cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma?
Coir, the surrounding of a coconut, can be used to make fiber. What materials is coir often used to make?
Coir, the surrounding of a coconut, can be used to make fiber. What materials is coir often used to make?
What desert plant is often used to make rope, twine, and netting?
What desert plant is often used to make rope, twine, and netting?
How are natural and synthetic fibers different?
How are natural and synthetic fibers different?
What man-made fiber is known for its extreme elastic properties?
What man-made fiber is known for its extreme elastic properties?
What are two classes of fibers as determined by forensic scientists?
What are two classes of fibers as determined by forensic scientists?
What are the two categories of synthetic fibers?
What are the two categories of synthetic fibers?
Why is fur not considered useful as a textile?
Why is fur not considered useful as a textile?
Why is cotton not particularly useful as evidence?
Why is cotton not particularly useful as evidence?
What might make cotton fiber evidence more unique?
What might make cotton fiber evidence more unique?
What is a regenerated fiber and how are they made?
What is a regenerated fiber and how are they made?
Describe the procedure used to collect and preserve fiber evidence.
Describe the procedure used to collect and preserve fiber evidence.
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Study Notes
Fiber Types and Sources
- Coir is derived from coconuts, primarily used in making doormats.
- Angora is a type of fiber produced from rabbit hair.
- Cashmere comes from goat hair; it is known for its softness.
- Fur is an animal fiber frequently used in garments like coats and gloves.
- Silk fibers are sourced from silkworm cocoons.
- Cotton is obtained from the seed of the cotton plant and is a common plant fiber.
- Flax is the plant used to produce linen.
- Hemp fibers come from the cannabis plant.
- Sisal fibers, known for making ropes and twine, are sourced from the stem of the agave plant.
- Fiberglass is a common mineral fiber.
Fiber Composition and Properties
- Animal fibers are primarily composed of proteins, while plant fibers are made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate.
- Synthetic fibers, produced in factories from raw materials like coal or wood pulp, include types such as acrylic, polyester, and nylon.
- Regenerated fibers, like rayon and acetate, are chemically derived from cellulose.
Weaving and Fabric Structures
- Warp refers to the tightly woven lengthwise yarn in a fabric's weave.
- Weft denotes the crosswise yarn in a weaving pattern.
- A plain weave creates a simple checkerboard pattern; denim employs a twill weave pattern, characterized by a diagonal structure.
- Density tests help classify fabric origins quickly.
Forensic Analysis of Fibers
- Chromatography is used for analyzing dye components in fabrics.
- Polarizing microscopy allows scientists to observe the optical properties of fibers.
- Fiber evidence is classified as class evidence because of its mass-production nature.
- As much as 95% of fiber evidence can fall off within the first 24 hours after a crime.
- Direct transfer of fibers occurs between a suspect and a victim.
Unique Characteristics of Fibers
- Asbestos, a mineral fiber, can cause significant health issues, including lung cancer.
- Cotton's commonality limits its usefulness as forensic evidence, although treatments may make certain samples unique.
- Silk fibers tend to not shed easily, making them less applicable as evidence.
- Fibers are the smallest textile unit, consisting of many filaments twisted or bonded together to form yarns.
Collection and Preservation
- The procedure for collecting and preserving fiber evidence includes performing a visual search and using forceps or sticky tape to gather fibers from small areas.
- Each garment should be isolated on a clean sheet of paper to prevent contamination.
- Control samples should be collected to ensure accurate comparisons with evidence found at a crime scene.
Synthetic and Natural Fibers Comparison
- Synthetic fibers are not damaged by microorganisms, are generally stronger, but can deteriorate under UV light and have consistent diameters unlike natural fibers.
- Natural fibers include those collected from plants, animals, and minerals, while synthetic fibers are categorized as regenerated or synthetic polymer fibers.
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