Fiber Crossword Review Chapter 4
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Questions and Answers

Coir comes from which fruit?

  • Apple
  • Coconut (correct)
  • Orange
  • Banana

    • What fiber is produced from rabbit hair?

    Angora

    What is the tight lengthwise yarn in a weave pattern called?

    Warp

    What is the name of the checkerboard weave pattern?

    <p>Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal fibers are made of what macromolecule?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fiber is produced from goat hair?

    <p>Cashmere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes fibers produced from raw materials such as coal or wood pulp that is spun together in a factory?

    <p>Synthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used to analyze the components of dyes in a fabric?

    <p>Chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What animal fiber is often used to make coats and gloves?

    <p>Fur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Because fibers are mass produced, they are considered this type of evidence.

    <p>Class evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant fibers are made of what carbohydrate?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spectroscopy allows scientists to visualize the chemical structure of fibers?

    <p>Infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest indivisible unit of a textile, made up of many filaments twisted or bonded together?

    <p>Fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of weaving yarns together?

    <p>Textile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for fibers that have been spun together?

    <p>Yarn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are small, repeating units that make up polymers called?

    <p>Monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of threads that are packed together for any given amount of fabric?

    <p>Twenty-four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a quick test used to classify fabric origins?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mineral fiber?

    <p>Fiberglass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plant is used to make linen?

    <p>Flax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do scientists look at first to try to match a fiber to a location?

    <p>Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most durable synthetic fiber?

    <p>Nylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jute comes from which part of a plant?

    <p>Stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton comes from which part of a plant?

    <p>Seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What synthetic fiber is used in polar fleece?

    <p>Polyester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a destructive test that allows scientists to compare absorption in fabrics?

    <p>Staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regenerated fibers are made of what?

    <p>Cellulose esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagonal weave pattern called?

    <p>Twill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemp comes from which plant?

    <p>Cannabis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of light microscope allows scientists to observe optical properties of fibers?

    <p>Polarizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first man-made fiber?

    <p>Rayon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crosswise yarn in a weave pattern called?

    <p>Weft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transfer of fibers directly from suspect to victim or victim to suspect is termed what?

    <p>Direct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silk comes from the cocoon of which caterpillar?

    <p>Silkworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is acetate?

    <p>Regenerated fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is acrylic?

    <p>Synthetic polymer fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is asbestos?

    <p>Mineral fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is coir?

    <p>Plant fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is cotton?

    <p>Plant fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is polyester?

    <p>Synthetic polymer fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is silk?

    <p>Animal fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is sisal?

    <p>Plant fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of fiber is wool?

    <p>Animal fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural fibers can be harvested from?

    <p>Plants, animals, minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of fiber evidence falls off in the first 24 hours after a crime?

    <p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-destructive forensic test allows scientists to look at the optical properties of the fiber using specific wavelengths of light?

    <p>Polarizing microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly shows the size order from smallest to largest?

    <p>Fiber, yarn, textile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In order to weave a pattern, what threads will be arranged first and in a side-by-side manner?

    <p>Warp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Denim is composed of a diagonal weave made of blue and white threads. What weave pattern is used to make denim?

    <p>Twill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a satin weave in clothing terms?

    <p>Snag resistant, decreased friction, durable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Angora hair is collected from which animal?

    <p>Rabbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silk is not frequently used as forensic evidence, why?

    <p>Fibers are long and do not shed easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jute comes from what part of a plant?

    <p>Stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic fibers are made of long strings called?

    <p>Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first and most common man-made fiber is?

    <p>Acrylic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibers are considered what kind of evidence?

    <p>Class evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant fibers are made of what material?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fiber has been found to cause cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma?

    <p>Asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coir, the surrounding of a coconut, can be used to make fiber. What materials is coir often used to make?

    <p>Doormats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What desert plant is often used to make rope, twine, and netting?

    <p>Sisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are natural and synthetic fibers different?

    <ul> <li>Unlike natural fibers, synthetic fibers are not damaged by microorganisms. - Synthetic fibers are much stronger than natural fibers. - Synthetic fibers can deteriorate in bright sun and melt at lower temperatures than natural fibers. - Synthetic fibers have very regular diameters, while natural fibers may not.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What man-made fiber is known for its extreme elastic properties?

    <p>Spandex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two classes of fibers as determined by forensic scientists?

    <p>Natural and synthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of synthetic fibers?

    <p>Regenerated and synthetic polymer fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fur not considered useful as a textile?

    <p>Because it's kept on the skin of the animal and treated, it's not spun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cotton not particularly useful as evidence?

    <p>Because it's so common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might make cotton fiber evidence more unique?

    <p>If it's treated or dyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a regenerated fiber and how are they made?

    <p>Made from cellulose and produced by chemically modifying the natural polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the procedure used to collect and preserve fiber evidence.

    <ul> <li>Perform a visual search. - Use forceps/sticky tape in small areas. - Each garment should be laid out in a clean sheet of paper (individually). - Rolled up in paper. - Gather control samples. - Record where fibers were found.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fiber Types and Sources

    • Coir is derived from coconuts, primarily used in making doormats.
    • Angora is a type of fiber produced from rabbit hair.
    • Cashmere comes from goat hair; it is known for its softness.
    • Fur is an animal fiber frequently used in garments like coats and gloves.
    • Silk fibers are sourced from silkworm cocoons.
    • Cotton is obtained from the seed of the cotton plant and is a common plant fiber.
    • Flax is the plant used to produce linen.
    • Hemp fibers come from the cannabis plant.
    • Sisal fibers, known for making ropes and twine, are sourced from the stem of the agave plant.
    • Fiberglass is a common mineral fiber.

    Fiber Composition and Properties

    • Animal fibers are primarily composed of proteins, while plant fibers are made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate.
    • Synthetic fibers, produced in factories from raw materials like coal or wood pulp, include types such as acrylic, polyester, and nylon.
    • Regenerated fibers, like rayon and acetate, are chemically derived from cellulose.

    Weaving and Fabric Structures

    • Warp refers to the tightly woven lengthwise yarn in a fabric's weave.
    • Weft denotes the crosswise yarn in a weaving pattern.
    • A plain weave creates a simple checkerboard pattern; denim employs a twill weave pattern, characterized by a diagonal structure.
    • Density tests help classify fabric origins quickly.

    Forensic Analysis of Fibers

    • Chromatography is used for analyzing dye components in fabrics.
    • Polarizing microscopy allows scientists to observe the optical properties of fibers.
    • Fiber evidence is classified as class evidence because of its mass-production nature.
    • As much as 95% of fiber evidence can fall off within the first 24 hours after a crime.
    • Direct transfer of fibers occurs between a suspect and a victim.

    Unique Characteristics of Fibers

    • Asbestos, a mineral fiber, can cause significant health issues, including lung cancer.
    • Cotton's commonality limits its usefulness as forensic evidence, although treatments may make certain samples unique.
    • Silk fibers tend to not shed easily, making them less applicable as evidence.
    • Fibers are the smallest textile unit, consisting of many filaments twisted or bonded together to form yarns.

    Collection and Preservation

    • The procedure for collecting and preserving fiber evidence includes performing a visual search and using forceps or sticky tape to gather fibers from small areas.
    • Each garment should be isolated on a clean sheet of paper to prevent contamination.
    • Control samples should be collected to ensure accurate comparisons with evidence found at a crime scene.

    Synthetic and Natural Fibers Comparison

    • Synthetic fibers are not damaged by microorganisms, are generally stronger, but can deteriorate under UV light and have consistent diameters unlike natural fibers.
    • Natural fibers include those collected from plants, animals, and minerals, while synthetic fibers are categorized as regenerated or synthetic polymer fibers.

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    Test your knowledge on various types of fibers with this crossword review for Chapter 4. From coir to Angora and weaving patterns, these flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to fibers. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of this important chapter.

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