Fiber Crossword Review Chapter 4

Questions and Answers

Coir comes from which fruit?

Apple

Coconut (correct)

Orange

Banana

What fiber is produced from rabbit hair?

Angora

What is the tight lengthwise yarn in a weave pattern called?

Warp

What is the name of the checkerboard weave pattern?

Plain Signup and view all the answers

Animal fibers are made of what macromolecule?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What fiber is produced from goat hair?

Cashmere Signup and view all the answers

What term describes fibers produced from raw materials such as coal or wood pulp that is spun together in a factory?

Synthetic Signup and view all the answers

What test is used to analyze the components of dyes in a fabric?

Chromatography Signup and view all the answers

What animal fiber is often used to make coats and gloves?

Fur Signup and view all the answers

Because fibers are mass produced, they are considered this type of evidence.

Class evidence Signup and view all the answers

Plant fibers are made of what carbohydrate?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What type of spectroscopy allows scientists to visualize the chemical structure of fibers?

Infrared Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest indivisible unit of a textile, made up of many filaments twisted or bonded together?

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of weaving yarns together?

Textile Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for fibers that have been spun together?

Yarn Signup and view all the answers

What are small, repeating units that make up polymers called?

Monomers Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of threads that are packed together for any given amount of fabric?

Twenty-four Signup and view all the answers

What is a quick test used to classify fabric origins?

Density Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mineral fiber?

Fiberglass Signup and view all the answers

What plant is used to make linen?

Flax Signup and view all the answers

What do scientists look at first to try to match a fiber to a location?

Color Signup and view all the answers

What is the most durable synthetic fiber?

Nylon Signup and view all the answers

Jute comes from which part of a plant?

Stem Signup and view all the answers

Cotton comes from which part of a plant?

Seed Signup and view all the answers

What synthetic fiber is used in polar fleece?

Polyester Signup and view all the answers

What is a destructive test that allows scientists to compare absorption in fabrics?

Staining Signup and view all the answers

Regenerated fibers are made of what?

Cellulose esters Signup and view all the answers

What is a diagonal weave pattern called?

Twill Signup and view all the answers

Hemp comes from which plant?

Cannabis Signup and view all the answers

What type of light microscope allows scientists to observe optical properties of fibers?

Polarizing Signup and view all the answers

What is the first man-made fiber?

Rayon Signup and view all the answers

What is the crosswise yarn in a weave pattern called?

Weft Signup and view all the answers

Transfer of fibers directly from suspect to victim or victim to suspect is termed what?

Direct Signup and view all the answers

Silk comes from the cocoon of which caterpillar?

Silkworm Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is acetate?

Regenerated fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is acrylic?

Synthetic polymer fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is asbestos?

Mineral fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is coir?

Plant fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is cotton?

Plant fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is polyester?

Synthetic polymer fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is silk?

Animal fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is sisal?

Plant fiber Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fiber is wool?

Animal fiber Signup and view all the answers

Natural fibers can be harvested from?

Plants, animals, minerals Signup and view all the answers

What percent of fiber evidence falls off in the first 24 hours after a crime?

95 Signup and view all the answers

What non-destructive forensic test allows scientists to look at the optical properties of the fiber using specific wavelengths of light?

Polarizing microscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly shows the size order from smallest to largest?

Fiber, yarn, textile Signup and view all the answers

In order to weave a pattern, what threads will be arranged first and in a side-by-side manner?

Warp Signup and view all the answers

Denim is composed of a diagonal weave made of blue and white threads. What weave pattern is used to make denim?

Twill Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of a satin weave in clothing terms?

Snag resistant, decreased friction, durable Signup and view all the answers

Angora hair is collected from which animal?

Rabbits Signup and view all the answers

Silk is not frequently used as forensic evidence, why?

Fibers are long and do not shed easily Signup and view all the answers

Jute comes from what part of a plant?

Stem Signup and view all the answers

Synthetic fibers are made of long strings called?

Polymers Signup and view all the answers

The first and most common man-made fiber is?

Acrylic Signup and view all the answers

Fibers are considered what kind of evidence?

Class evidence Signup and view all the answers

Plant fibers are made of what material?

Carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

What fiber has been found to cause cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma?

Asbestos Signup and view all the answers

Coir, the surrounding of a coconut, can be used to make fiber. What materials is coir often used to make?

Doormats Signup and view all the answers

What desert plant is often used to make rope, twine, and netting?

Sisal Signup and view all the answers

How are natural and synthetic fibers different?

<ul> <li>Unlike natural fibers, synthetic fibers are not damaged by microorganisms. - Synthetic fibers are much stronger than natural fibers. - Synthetic fibers can deteriorate in bright sun and melt at lower temperatures than natural fibers. - Synthetic fibers have very regular diameters, while natural fibers may not.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What man-made fiber is known for its extreme elastic properties?

Spandex Signup and view all the answers

What are two classes of fibers as determined by forensic scientists?

Natural and synthetic Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of synthetic fibers?

Regenerated and synthetic polymer fibers Signup and view all the answers

Why is fur not considered useful as a textile?

Because it's kept on the skin of the animal and treated, it's not spun Signup and view all the answers

Why is cotton not particularly useful as evidence?

Because it's so common Signup and view all the answers

What might make cotton fiber evidence more unique?

If it's treated or dyed Signup and view all the answers

What is a regenerated fiber and how are they made?

Made from cellulose and produced by chemically modifying the natural polymer Signup and view all the answers

Describe the procedure used to collect and preserve fiber evidence.

<ul> <li>Perform a visual search. - Use forceps/sticky tape in small areas. - Each garment should be laid out in a clean sheet of paper (individually). - Rolled up in paper. - Gather control samples. - Record where fibers were found.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fiber Types and Sources

Coir is derived from coconuts, primarily used in making doormats.
Angora is a type of fiber produced from rabbit hair.
Cashmere comes from goat hair; it is known for its softness.
Fur is an animal fiber frequently used in garments like coats and gloves.
Silk fibers are sourced from silkworm cocoons.
Cotton is obtained from the seed of the cotton plant and is a common plant fiber.
Flax is the plant used to produce linen.
Hemp fibers come from the cannabis plant.
Sisal fibers, known for making ropes and twine, are sourced from the stem of the agave plant.
Fiberglass is a common mineral fiber.

Fiber Composition and Properties

Animal fibers are primarily composed of proteins, while plant fibers are made up of cellulose, a carbohydrate.
Synthetic fibers, produced in factories from raw materials like coal or wood pulp, include types such as acrylic, polyester, and nylon.
Regenerated fibers, like rayon and acetate, are chemically derived from cellulose.

Weaving and Fabric Structures

Warp refers to the tightly woven lengthwise yarn in a fabric's weave.
Weft denotes the crosswise yarn in a weaving pattern.
A plain weave creates a simple checkerboard pattern; denim employs a twill weave pattern, characterized by a diagonal structure.
Density tests help classify fabric origins quickly.

Forensic Analysis of Fibers

Chromatography is used for analyzing dye components in fabrics.
Polarizing microscopy allows scientists to observe the optical properties of fibers.
Fiber evidence is classified as class evidence because of its mass-production nature.
As much as 95% of fiber evidence can fall off within the first 24 hours after a crime.
Direct transfer of fibers occurs between a suspect and a victim.

Unique Characteristics of Fibers

Asbestos, a mineral fiber, can cause significant health issues, including lung cancer.
Cotton's commonality limits its usefulness as forensic evidence, although treatments may make certain samples unique.
Silk fibers tend to not shed easily, making them less applicable as evidence.
Fibers are the smallest textile unit, consisting of many filaments twisted or bonded together to form yarns.

Collection and Preservation

The procedure for collecting and preserving fiber evidence includes performing a visual search and using forceps or sticky tape to gather fibers from small areas.
Each garment should be isolated on a clean sheet of paper to prevent contamination.
Control samples should be collected to ensure accurate comparisons with evidence found at a crime scene.

Synthetic and Natural Fibers Comparison

Synthetic fibers are not damaged by microorganisms, are generally stronger, but can deteriorate under UV light and have consistent diameters unlike natural fibers.
Natural fibers include those collected from plants, animals, and minerals, while synthetic fibers are categorized as regenerated or synthetic polymer fibers.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various types of fibers with this crossword review for Chapter 4. From coir to Angora and weaving patterns, these flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to fibers. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of this important chapter.