Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a core concept introduced by Piaget in the field of cognitive psychology?
What is a core concept introduced by Piaget in the field of cognitive psychology?
- Operant conditioning
- Social learning theory
- Classical conditioning
- Schemas (correct)
What is the primary focus of educational psychology as a branch of psychology?
What is the primary focus of educational psychology as a branch of psychology?
- Analyzing group dynamics in social settings
- Understanding abnormal behavior
- Studying chemical imbalances in the brain
- Applying general psychology to understand teaching and learning (correct)
Which of these terms refers to the process of transforming sensory input into a storable form?
Which of these terms refers to the process of transforming sensory input into a storable form?
- Storage
- Retrieval
- Attention
- Encoding (correct)
What role does attention play in the memory process according to the text?
What role does attention play in the memory process according to the text?
What is the main issue with some of the recent technological developments in education, according to the provided information?
What is the main issue with some of the recent technological developments in education, according to the provided information?
What benefit can psychology bring to the development of educational technology?
What benefit can psychology bring to the development of educational technology?
Which of the following represents how information is accessed from long-term memory?
Which of the following represents how information is accessed from long-term memory?
What is 'storage' in the context of memory?
What is 'storage' in the context of memory?
Which type of memory is responsible for storing skills and actions?
Which type of memory is responsible for storing skills and actions?
What is the primary process by which information transfers from short-term to long-term memory?
What is the primary process by which information transfers from short-term to long-term memory?
Which of the following is NOT a method for strengthening long-term memory?
Which of the following is NOT a method for strengthening long-term memory?
According to the provided information, what is a fundamental characteristic of learning?
According to the provided information, what is a fundamental characteristic of learning?
Which learning theory emphasizes the cognitive processes of learning, focusing on how people manage information?
Which learning theory emphasizes the cognitive processes of learning, focusing on how people manage information?
In the context of multimedia learning, what is the role of 'prior knowledge'?
In the context of multimedia learning, what is the role of 'prior knowledge'?
What is the core principle of classical conditioning as described?
What is the core principle of classical conditioning as described?
What distinguishes long-term memory from working/short-term memory, according to the information provided?
What distinguishes long-term memory from working/short-term memory, according to the information provided?
What distinguishes adaptive learning platforms from traditional learning methods?
What distinguishes adaptive learning platforms from traditional learning methods?
Which type of support in an adaptive learning platform allows the learner to choose how much help they want?
Which type of support in an adaptive learning platform allows the learner to choose how much help they want?
What is a primary challenge that adaptive learning aims to address in education?
What is a primary challenge that adaptive learning aims to address in education?
According to Plass & Pawar (2020), what are the key aspects learners differ in?
According to Plass & Pawar (2020), what are the key aspects learners differ in?
What is a key feature of the self-paced type of adaptive learning?
What is a key feature of the self-paced type of adaptive learning?
According to the provided information, what is the most effective approach to learning?
According to the provided information, what is the most effective approach to learning?
What does Bandura's social-cognitive theory of observational learning emphasize?
What does Bandura's social-cognitive theory of observational learning emphasize?
Which of the following best describes the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Which of the following best describes the concept of reciprocal determinism?
What is the second phase in observational learning?
What is the second phase in observational learning?
What is the primary characteristic of a constructivist learning environment?
What is the primary characteristic of a constructivist learning environment?
What is the core concept of self-regulated learning?
What is the core concept of self-regulated learning?
Which of these options are key elements of self-regulated learning?
Which of these options are key elements of self-regulated learning?
What is the difference between External Instruction and Self Regulated Learning?
What is the difference between External Instruction and Self Regulated Learning?
Which type of knowledge is best suited for a trivia quiz focusing on historical dates and names?
Which type of knowledge is best suited for a trivia quiz focusing on historical dates and names?
A game that requires players to sort different shapes based on their attributes, would primarily be targeting which type of knowledge?
A game that requires players to sort different shapes based on their attributes, would primarily be targeting which type of knowledge?
Which gamification element is most effective for reinforcing declarative knowledge?
Which gamification element is most effective for reinforcing declarative knowledge?
Which instructional strategy would be most effective for teaching conceptual knowledge?
Which instructional strategy would be most effective for teaching conceptual knowledge?
What type of knowledge is primarily engaged in a board game where players must adhere to specific rules to achieve their goals?
What type of knowledge is primarily engaged in a board game where players must adhere to specific rules to achieve their goals?
Which type of knowledge is best developed through a virtual surgery simulator?
Which type of knowledge is best developed through a virtual surgery simulator?
A simulation where participants improve their leadership abilities by making decisions, is primarily targeting what type of knowledge?
A simulation where participants improve their leadership abilities by making decisions, is primarily targeting what type of knowledge?
What kind of knowledge is practiced by following step-by-step data mining instructions in a software environment?
What kind of knowledge is practiced by following step-by-step data mining instructions in a software environment?
What is the main purpose of scaffolding in adaptive learning?
What is the main purpose of scaffolding in adaptive learning?
Which type of assessment is used at both the assessment and content levels in adaptive learning?
Which type of assessment is used at both the assessment and content levels in adaptive learning?
What kind of feedback focuses on the current progress of a learner's performance?
What kind of feedback focuses on the current progress of a learner's performance?
In adaptive learning, what role does performance play in determining question difficulty?
In adaptive learning, what role does performance play in determining question difficulty?
What is the significance of the Zone of Proximal Development in scaffolding?
What is the significance of the Zone of Proximal Development in scaffolding?
What type of assessment is primarily described as serving to monitor and improve learning?
What type of assessment is primarily described as serving to monitor and improve learning?
In adaptive learning, what happens for each question the student answers incorrectly?
In adaptive learning, what happens for each question the student answers incorrectly?
What aspect of feedback informs students how to improve going forward?
What aspect of feedback informs students how to improve going forward?
How does the content level of adaptive learning benefit the student?
How does the content level of adaptive learning benefit the student?
Which type of feedback provides information on the correctness of a solution?
Which type of feedback provides information on the correctness of a solution?
What is a primary concern regarding the use of AI in educational settings, particularly concerning external validity?
What is a primary concern regarding the use of AI in educational settings, particularly concerning external validity?
Which action is most critical in the 'Apply findings to improve the learning process' step?
Which action is most critical in the 'Apply findings to improve the learning process' step?
Which example best illustrates 'Practice to Research' knowledge transfer?
Which example best illustrates 'Practice to Research' knowledge transfer?
What is a defining characteristic of horizontal knowledge transfer?
What is a defining characteristic of horizontal knowledge transfer?
Which is a key consideration when addressing the 'Generalizability' challenge in knowledge transfer?
Which is a key consideration when addressing the 'Generalizability' challenge in knowledge transfer?
What strategy would be most effective in overcoming 'Resistance to Change' when implementing new educational interventions?
What strategy would be most effective in overcoming 'Resistance to Change' when implementing new educational interventions?
How can 'Lack of clear communication' be best addressed to ensure successful knowledge transfer?
How can 'Lack of clear communication' be best addressed to ensure successful knowledge transfer?
How does 'Vertical Transfer' differ from 'Horizontal Transfer' in the context of knowledge application?
How does 'Vertical Transfer' differ from 'Horizontal Transfer' in the context of knowledge application?
What is the primary limitation of a correlational hypothesis?
What is the primary limitation of a correlational hypothesis?
When is a between-subjects design most appropriate in experimental research?
When is a between-subjects design most appropriate in experimental research?
In research, what is a key advantage of using within-subjects design?
In research, what is a key advantage of using within-subjects design?
What is a primary drawback of between-subjects design?
What is a primary drawback of between-subjects design?
Which experimental design is most vulnerable to carryover effects?
Which experimental design is most vulnerable to carryover effects?
What is the main purpose of a double-blind study?
What is the main purpose of a double-blind study?
What is the function of descriptive statistics in data analysis?
What is the function of descriptive statistics in data analysis?
Which statistical test is appropriate to compare the means of three different groups?
Which statistical test is appropriate to compare the means of three different groups?
In interpreting research results, what is considered essential besides statistical significance?
In interpreting research results, what is considered essential besides statistical significance?
What is a primary threat to the internal validity of an experiment?
What is a primary threat to the internal validity of an experiment?
What strategy best mitigates threats to internal validity caused by selection bias?
What strategy best mitigates threats to internal validity caused by selection bias?
What is a key mitigation strategy for threats to external validity?
What is a key mitigation strategy for threats to external validity?
What is the 'Hawthorne Effect' in research?
What is the 'Hawthorne Effect' in research?
Which strategy best addresses the threat of demand characteristics in a study?
Which strategy best addresses the threat of demand characteristics in a study?
What is a primary ethical consideration when conducting research with human participants?
What is a primary ethical consideration when conducting research with human participants?
What is the primary focus of self-regulated learning?
What is the primary focus of self-regulated learning?
Which model describes self-regulated learning as a feedback loop involving planning, monitoring, and evaluating?
Which model describes self-regulated learning as a feedback loop involving planning, monitoring, and evaluating?
What role does motivation play in self-regulated learning?
What role does motivation play in self-regulated learning?
In Winne and Hadwin’s model, what is the first step in the self-regulated learning process?
In Winne and Hadwin’s model, what is the first step in the self-regulated learning process?
Which of the following strategies is NOT considered a part of self-regulated learning?
Which of the following strategies is NOT considered a part of self-regulated learning?
What does the 'self' in self-regulated learning primarily refer to?
What does the 'self' in self-regulated learning primarily refer to?
How do learners engage with information in Winne and Hadwin’s model of self-regulated learning?
How do learners engage with information in Winne and Hadwin’s model of self-regulated learning?
Which of the following best describes metacognitive strategies in self-regulated learning?
Which of the following best describes metacognitive strategies in self-regulated learning?
What is a key component of self-efficacy regarding task performance?
What is a key component of self-efficacy regarding task performance?
What does the four-phase model of interest development describe?
What does the four-phase model of interest development describe?
Which component is NOT part of the emotional conditions for learning?
Which component is NOT part of the emotional conditions for learning?
How do emotions function as behavioral control mechanisms?
How do emotions function as behavioral control mechanisms?
Which emotional state is likely to lead to increased task engagement and prolonged work on academic tasks?
Which emotional state is likely to lead to increased task engagement and prolonged work on academic tasks?
What is indicated by the term 'valence' in the dimensional model of emotions?
What is indicated by the term 'valence' in the dimensional model of emotions?
How do negative emotions primarily affect cognitive processing during learning?
How do negative emotions primarily affect cognitive processing during learning?
What do emotional learning experiences influence?
What do emotional learning experiences influence?
What role do emotions play in the effectiveness of teaching strategies such as storytelling?
What role do emotions play in the effectiveness of teaching strategies such as storytelling?
What is the primary focus of the mastery pathway in Boekaerts' Dual Processing Model of SRL?
What is the primary focus of the mastery pathway in Boekaerts' Dual Processing Model of SRL?
Which variable is manipulated in an experimental research design to observe its effect on a dependent variable?
Which variable is manipulated in an experimental research design to observe its effect on a dependent variable?
Which of the following is a component of self-concept?
Which of the following is a component of self-concept?
In Boekaerts' model, what does the well-being pathway prioritize?
In Boekaerts' model, what does the well-being pathway prioritize?
What type of variables help explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables in research?
What type of variables help explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables in research?
What is an effect of low self-efficacy on task engagement?
What is an effect of low self-efficacy on task engagement?
What do innate general tendencies and personality influences affect?
What do innate general tendencies and personality influences affect?
Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence in the learning process is true?
Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence in the learning process is true?
Which of the following components is part of the regulation of self in Boekaerts' Three layers of regulation?
Which of the following components is part of the regulation of self in Boekaerts' Three layers of regulation?
How does moderate stress affect attention during learning activities?
How does moderate stress affect attention during learning activities?
What role does the limbic system play concerning emotions?
What role does the limbic system play concerning emotions?
According to the Expectancy-Value theory, what two factors influence motivation?
According to the Expectancy-Value theory, what two factors influence motivation?
In Attribution Theory, which type of attribution is most likely to enhance future motivation?
In Attribution Theory, which type of attribution is most likely to enhance future motivation?
What is the relationship between emotions and the perception of academic material?
What is the relationship between emotions and the perception of academic material?
How can emotions be best described in terms of their psychological state?
How can emotions be best described in terms of their psychological state?
What tends to occur when a learner is in a negative emotional state during a task?
What tends to occur when a learner is in a negative emotional state during a task?
What does the still face experiment illustrate about emotional responses?
What does the still face experiment illustrate about emotional responses?
Which type of motivation is defined as behavior that is rewarding in itself, without any external incentives?
Which type of motivation is defined as behavior that is rewarding in itself, without any external incentives?
What leads to the development of individual interests from situational interest?
What leads to the development of individual interests from situational interest?
Which type of variable represents any factor that could inadvertently affect the dependent variable in a study?
Which type of variable represents any factor that could inadvertently affect the dependent variable in a study?
What is the highest form of extrinsic motivation according to the recent studies on motivation?
What is the highest form of extrinsic motivation according to the recent studies on motivation?
When transforming concepts into observable outcomes in research, what is the term for this process?
When transforming concepts into observable outcomes in research, what is the term for this process?
Which of the following needs is NOT one of the basic psychological needs for intrinsic motivation according to Self-Determination Theory?
Which of the following needs is NOT one of the basic psychological needs for intrinsic motivation according to Self-Determination Theory?
What fundamental idea does Bandura's theory of self-efficacy emphasize?
What fundamental idea does Bandura's theory of self-efficacy emphasize?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of emotions on motivation?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of emotions on motivation?
Which statement best describes the concept of flow?
Which statement best describes the concept of flow?
According to the Action-Theoretical Model of Motivation, which factor leads to taking action?
According to the Action-Theoretical Model of Motivation, which factor leads to taking action?
What outcome is likely when students experience extreme negative moods in an academic setting?
What outcome is likely when students experience extreme negative moods in an academic setting?
Which description best fits external regulation in terms of motivation?
Which description best fits external regulation in terms of motivation?
Which type of variable represents the main outcome that researchers measure in an experiment?
Which type of variable represents the main outcome that researchers measure in an experiment?
In the context of motivation, which factor is primarily associated with the identified regulation category?
In the context of motivation, which factor is primarily associated with the identified regulation category?
What impact do internal, stable global attributions have on an individual's motivation?
What impact do internal, stable global attributions have on an individual's motivation?
What role do external influences play in shaping motivation according to the Expectancy-Value theory?
What role do external influences play in shaping motivation according to the Expectancy-Value theory?
Flashcards
Encoding
Encoding
The process of transforming sensory information into a format that can be stored in the brain.
Storage
Storage
The ability to hold information over time in our memory.
Retrieval
Retrieval
The process of accessing stored information when needed, recalling it from our memory.
Attention
Attention
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Schema
Schema
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Assimilation
Assimilation
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Stages of Cognitive Development
Stages of Cognitive Development
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
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Long-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
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Explicit Memory
Explicit Memory
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Implicit Memory
Implicit Memory
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Retrieving
Retrieving
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Information Processing Theory
Information Processing Theory
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Learning through Association
Learning through Association
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Observational Learning
Observational Learning
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Reciprocal Determinism
Reciprocal Determinism
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Learning Phases
Learning Phases
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Constructivist Learning Environment
Constructivist Learning Environment
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Cognitivist Learning Environment
Cognitivist Learning Environment
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Self-Regulated Learning
Self-Regulated Learning
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Learning Activities
Learning Activities
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Regulation in Learning
Regulation in Learning
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Adaptive Learning Platforms
Adaptive Learning Platforms
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Static Learning Support
Static Learning Support
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Adaptable Learning Support
Adaptable Learning Support
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Adaptive Learning Support
Adaptive Learning Support
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Learning Prerequisites
Learning Prerequisites
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Declarative Knowledge
Declarative Knowledge
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Conceptual Knowledge
Conceptual Knowledge
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Rules-Based Knowledge
Rules-Based Knowledge
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Procedural Knowledge
Procedural Knowledge
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Soft Skills
Soft Skills
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Psychomotor Domain
Psychomotor Domain
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Content Level Adaptive Learning
Content Level Adaptive Learning
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Assessment Level Adaptive Learning
Assessment Level Adaptive Learning
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Adaptive Learning at Both Levels
Adaptive Learning at Both Levels
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Adaptive Learning with High Granularity
Adaptive Learning with High Granularity
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Scaffolding
Scaffolding
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Feedback
Feedback
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Self Level Feedback
Self Level Feedback
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Product Level Feedback
Product Level Feedback
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Process Level Feedback
Process Level Feedback
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Study Notes
Psychology of Learning
- Educational psychology, the origin of psychology, spans from ancient Greek philosophers to contemporary cognitive psychology.
- Key figures like Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, and John Comenius laid early foundations for understanding learning processes.
- Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of modern experimental psychology for conducting controlled research.
- More recent influences include Lev Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development and Jean Piaget's cognitive development stages (schemas, assimilation, accommodation).
- Modern educational psychology integrates knowledge of general psychology with the practical challenges of education.
Human Cognition and Behaviour (I-IV)
- Memory models: the multi-store model (Sensory Memory, Short-term, Long-term Memory) and the working memory model (phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive).
- Knowledge acquisition: critical processes to encode, store, and retrieve information, such as encoding, storage, retrieval, and attention.
- Cognitive load theory: distinguishes intrinsic load (inherent difficulty of material), extraneous load (poorly designed instruction), and germane load (actively processing meaningful information).
- The goal of instructional design is to minimize extraneous load while maximizing germane load.
Learning Theories
- Information processing theory: focuses on the cognitive processes of learning.
- Cognitive theory of multimedia learning (Mayer & Moreno, 2003): describes how people process and understand multimedia information.
- Behaviourism: Explains learning through associations and consequences of behaviour. Classical conditioning (Pavlov) and operant conditioning (Skinner) are key concepts.
- Social cognitive theory (Bandura) emphasizes the importance of observation, imitation, and reciprocal determinism in learning.
- Cognitive load theory: Explains how learners process information, and how cognitive load affects learning.
Self-Regulated Learning
- Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a learning process where learners manage their learning independently (goals, strategies, and monitoring progress) .
- Self-determination theory (SDT): the basic psychological needs for intrinsic motivation. These are: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
- Zimmerman's cyclical model: planning, self-monitoring, and reflection.
- Winne and Hadwin's model: emphasizes cognitive aspects of learning, metacognitive strategies and self-regulation.
Motivation and Learning
- Motivation: a state that initiates, directs, and sustains motivated behavior.
- Expectancy-value theory (Eccles): motivation depends on the expectancy of success and the value of the outcome.
- Cognitive load theory, understanding how people's emotions affect their motivational strategies.
- Types of motivation: intrinsic (interest-driven) vs. extrinsic (external rewards), with varying degrees of self-determination.
Emotional Learning
- Emotional experiences in learning contexts: their impact on motivation, attention, and learning.
- Cognitive evaluation and processing of events.
- Influence of learning history and social influences on emotional responses.
- The role of emotions in learning, how emotions affect and are affected by learning processes.
Adaptive Learning
- Adaptive learning: dynamic adjustment of the learning method based on learner progress and responses.
- Use of algorithms and data to provide personalized learning experiences.
- The role of assessment in adaptive learning platforms providing information to adjust the learning process.
Instructional Design Principles
- Intuitive design (Norman): emphasizes simplicity, predictability, and effectiveness in guiding learners.
- Gamification: applying game mechanics to enhance motivation and engagement for specific learning goals.
- Adaptive learning tools: cater to diverse learning styles and preferences.
AI in Educational Assessment
- Educational measurement and assessment: methods used to evaluate learners' knowledge and skills. Types of tests: formative, summative, and diagnostic tests.
- Applying AI for test construction and administration: utilizing AI in generating and processing test questions, feedback, and analysis.
- Ethics of AI in assessment: concerns over bias and fairness in AI systems, maintaining human oversight, and ensuring data privacy.
Effectiveness of AI-Based Systems
- Experimental research design: characteristics, variables (independent, dependent, intervening, extraneous, and confounding), and ethical considerations.
- Statistical analysis: identifying statistical significance and effect sizes, and potential threats to internal validity (confounding variables).
- How to mitigate threats to external and internal validity in studies using AI based systems to ensure wider applicability of findings.
Knowledge Transfer
- Knowledge transfer: moving knowledge from the classroom to the real-world.
- Types of knowledge transfer, including theory to practice and practice to research.
- Challenges in knowledge transfer: difficulties in translation and potential for resistance in applying findings.
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