Questions and Answers
Which of the following are Five Philosophies of Education? (Select all that apply)
What is the focus of teacher-centered philosophies?
Transferring knowledge from the older generation to the younger one.
What is the main characteristic of the essentialist classroom?
Traditional disciplines such as math, science, history, foreign language, and literature form the core curriculum.
What defines Perennialism?
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What is the goal of student-centered philosophies?
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Who is associated with the development of Progressivism?
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What was the purpose of the Laboratory School founded by Dewey?
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What does Praxis refer to in the educational context?
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What is the main purpose of existentialism in education?
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What does constructivism assert?
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What is the principle behind behaviorism?
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What do metaphysics and epistemology examine?
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What does empiricism state?
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What does rationalism emphasize?
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What is the focus of logic as a branch of philosophy?
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What is deductive reasoning?
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Study Notes
Five Philosophies of Education
- Essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism are the primary philosophies shaping educational practices.
Teacher-Centered Philosophies
- Focus on knowledge transfer from older to younger generations.
- Teacher's role includes instilling respect, duty, and practicality.
- Essentialism, popularized by William Bagley, has been dominant since World War II.
- E.D. Hirsch Jr. promotes a common curriculum to ensure inclusive education.
The Essentialist Classroom
- Core curriculum is built on traditional subjects: math, science, history, foreign languages, and literature.
- Essentialists oppose electives that dilute academic rigor.
Perennialism
- Features a teacher-centered approach with minimal curricular flexibility.
- Implements rigorous standards focusing on enduring themes and the "Great Books."
- Criticized for lacking representation of women, people of color, and non-Western perspectives.
Student-Centered Philosophies
- Prioritizes individual needs and contemporary relevance over authoritarian approaches.
- Progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism emphasize collaboration between students and teachers in the learning process.
Progressivism
- Schools are organized around students' concerns, curiosity, and real-life experiences.
- Based on pragmatism, which judges ideas by their functional merit.
- John Dewey, a prominent figure in this philosophy, established progressivism through his educational reforms.
Laboratory School
- Dewey founded the Laboratory School to test and implement progressive educational ideas.
- Advocates for addressing social inequities within educational studies and practices.
Praxis
- Refers to the integration of theory and action leading to impactful changes in the world.
- The term is also used for teacher competency tests in various states.
Existentialism
- Emphasizes helping students find personal meaning and direction in their lives.
- Rejects the idea of adults directing meaningful learning experiences for children.
Constructivism
- Knowledge is constructed by each learner through active interpretation of information.
- Influenced by Swiss and Russian psychologists, including Piaget and Vygotsky.
- Teachers employ scaffolding techniques to help students connect prior knowledge to new concepts.
Behaviorism
- Based on the idea that free will is an illusion; behavior is shaped by the environment.
- B.F. Skinner promoted the use of positive reinforcement in learning.
- Behavior modifications reduce reliance on extrinsic rewards as students master behaviors.
Metaphysics and Epistemology
- Metaphysics explores the origin and structure of reality.
- Epistemology investigates the nature and origin of human knowledge.
- Materialism emphasizes scientific observation as a path to understanding the material world.
- Idealism suggests that knowledge of matter is mediated by the mind.
Empiricism
- Claims that sensory experiences are the foundation of knowledge acquisition.
Rationalism
- Highlights the importance of reason as the primary source of knowledge.
Logic
- Focuses on reasoning processes within philosophy.
Deductive Reasoning
- Involves presenting general rules to students and guiding them in identifying specific applications and examples.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Five Philosophies of Education with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential philosophies such as Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. Ideal for students in Education 2100, this quiz will help reinforce key concepts and teacher-centered philosophies.
