Teaching Philosophies in Education

Teacher-Centered Philosophies

• Emphasizes knowledge transmission from teacher to students.
• Teachers instill respect for authority, work ethic, and compassion.
• Student success typically measured through test performance.

Essentialism

• Advocated by William C. Bagley; aims to preserve society through education.
• Focuses on fundamental academic disciplines and traditional teaching methods.
• Core skills include reading, writing, math, science, history, foreign language, and technology.
• Methods rely on lectures, memorization, repetition, practice, and assessments.
• Stress on sequential learning to connect historical context with present-day understanding.

Perennialism

• Philosophy rooted in the belief of timeless, universal truths.
• Prioritizes the mastery of content and the development of reasoning skills.
• Encourages exploration of ideas that remain relevant throughout time.

Assessment Processes

• Distinction between formative (improving student learning) and summative assessments (assigning grades).
• Formative assessments offer feedback to aid improvement.
• Summative assessments typically associate with final evaluations.

Instructor-Centered vs. Learner-Centered Approaches

• Instructor-centered approach mandates policies and deadlines.
• Learner-centered approach allows flexibility in course policies and encourages student input.

Annotations and Citations

• Importance of well-formatted APA citations with clear in-text references.
• Annotations should effectively summarize key points and findings while discussing implications.
• Quality of annotations can indicate depth of analysis and understanding.

Collaboration and Communication

• Effective teamwork, participation, and clear communication are vital in group projects.
• Cohesiveness in annotated bibliographies reflects the quality of collaboration among group members.

Practical Applications for Learner-Centered Teaching

• Encouragement of concrete strategies for implementing learner-centered methods.
• Discussion of potential challenges faced and solutions for effective teaching.

Communication Skills in Presentations

• Clear speaking and engaging body language enhance audience interaction.
• Active listening and interaction with audience questions foster inclusive discussions.

Engagement and Clarity

• Compelling opening remarks are essential to engage an audience.
• Ideas should be presented clearly and organized to ensure comprehension.