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Ecosystem services provide benefits that people obtain from ______.
ecosystems
The four major categories of ecosystem services include provisioning, regulating, cultural, and ______.
supporting
Provisioning services refer to the material benefits such as food, water, and ______.
fiber
Regulating services involve benefits like air quality and ______ control.
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Cultural ecosystem services provide non-material benefits such as recreation and ______ appreciation.
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Supporting services are necessary natural processes that include habitats and ______ cycling.
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The 'tragedy of the commons' refers to the continuous deterioration of our ______ resources.
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Human desire for resources is described as an ______ pit.
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Challenges of sustainability include the notion that resources will eventually ______ themselves.
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To aid nature, ______ and technology are essential.
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Persons with rights to withdraw from and the boundaries of the common-pool resource are clearly defined in the principle of ______.
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In Ostrom's design principles, the idea that rule violators are to receive ______ sanctions is crucial for enforcement.
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The principle promoting participation among persons affected by the rules is known as ______-Choice Arrangement.
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The adoption of efficiency-increasing technology can result in ______ paradox, as articulated by William Stanley Jevon.
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One consequence of escalating investments due to efficiency-increasing technologies is known as the Negative ______ Effect.
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A critical issue relating to population dynamics in resource management is ______ growth.
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To address overpopulation, strategies may include better provision of public ______ and services.
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External authorities must respect rules set in the principle of Minimal Recognition of ______.
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A deceptive belief about technological advancements is that they can allow us to maintain our current levels of ______.
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The concept of ______ Enterprises involves having multiple governance levels for managing common-pool resources.
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Persons affected by the rules can participate in modifying these in the ______-Choice Arrangement.
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Rule violators are to receive graduated ______.
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The principle of ______ involves ensuring rapid access to low-cost local dispute resolutions.
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Efficiency-increasing technology can lead to Jevon’s ______, where demand rises due to lower costs.
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External authorities must respect rules set in the principle of Minimal Recognition of ______.
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One major contributing factor to the tragedy of the commons is ______ growth.
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As a result of investments in efficiency-increasing technologies, there can be a Negative Production ______.
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To combat rapid population growth, strategies may include better provision of public goods and ______.
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The principle of Nested ______ involves having multiple governance levels for managing common-pool resources.
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People can be easily seduced by the promise of clean-energy technologies, a phenomenon described as Green ______.
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Ecosystem services are classified into four major categories including provisioning, regulating, cultural, and ______.
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Provisioning services encompass material benefits such as food, water, fiber, and ______.
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The concept of the 'tragedy of the commons' highlights the continuous deterioration of common-pool ______.
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Cultural ecosystem services provide non-material benefits such as recreation and ______ appreciation.
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Regulating services contribute to benefits such as soil fertility, flood control, and ______ pollination.
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Human ______ for resources can create significant challenges in managing common-pool resources.
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Challenges of sustainability include misconceptions that resources will eventually ______ themselves.
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To successfully manage common-pool resources, fostering cooperation through ______ is essential.
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Technological advancements can lead to increased consumption, a phenomenon known as the ______ paradox.
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Supporting services include necessary natural processes such as nutrient cycling and the ______ cycle.
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Study Notes
Ecosystem Services
- Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, categorized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
- Four major categories include:
- Provisioning: Material benefits such as food, water, fiber, wood, and fuels.
- Regulating: Benefits from ecosystem regulation, including air quality, soil fertility, flood control, and crop pollination.
- Cultural: Non-material benefits like recreation, tourism, aesthetic appreciation, and spiritual experiences.
- Supporting: Natural processes that support other ecosystem services, encompassing habitats, biodiversity, and nutrient and water cycling.
Tragedy of the Commons
- "Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all" highlights the conflict between individual desires and communal resources.
- Commons are finite resources shared by a population, and human demand can lead to resource depletion.
- Sustainability challenges include:
- Future-sight: Misjudging the replenishment of resources.
- Social scope: Prioritizing personal or community needs over collective sustainability.
- Bigger picture: Seeing larger entities exploit resources as justification for personal actions.
Ostrom’s Eight Design Principles
- Clearly Defined Boundaries: Rights to use and the limits of common pool resources must be defined.
- Proportional Equivalence Between Benefits and Costs: Balancing appropriations with benefits and local circumstances.
- Collective-Choice Arrangement: Stakeholders can participate in rule modifications.
- Monitoring: Accountability through active auditing of resource conditions and user behaviors.
- Graduated Sanctions: Rule violators face progressive sanctions based on infractions.
- Conflict Resolution Mechanism: Access to low-cost, local dispute resolutions for rapid conflict management.
- Minimal Recognition of Rights: External authorities uphold community-set rules.
- Nested Enterprises: Coordinated governance across multiple levels for resource management.
Population Growth and Sustainability
- Overpopulation is a contributing factor to the tragedy of the commons.
- Solutions to manage population growth include:
- Investing in social security and risk management.
- Providing financial aid and better public services.
- Enhancing education and empowering women.
Blindsides of Going Green
-
Jevon’s Paradox: Increased efficiency in technology results in lower costs and higher demand, potentially nullifying environmental benefits.
- Examples include transitions from coal to steam and from fluorescent lights to LED technology.
-
Negative Production Effect: Efficient technologies can lead to more investments, increasing environmental harm.
- Solar cell production emits nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), which is significantly more harmful than CO2.
- Biofuel cultivation affects food supply, raising prices and leading to deforestation for land conversion to crops.
Green Conscience Phenomenon
- Highlighted by Ozzie Zehner (2012), it describes the naïve belief that new clean-energy technologies will eradicate environmental consequences.
- Reliance on technological advancements fosters an illusion that current consumption levels can remain unchanged without damaging the environment.
Final Considerations
- Addressing blindsides involves re-evaluating assumptions about technology and consumption’s impacts on sustainability.
Ecosystem Services
- Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, categorized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
- Four major categories include:
- Provisioning: Material benefits such as food, water, fiber, wood, and fuels.
- Regulating: Benefits from ecosystem regulation, including air quality, soil fertility, flood control, and crop pollination.
- Cultural: Non-material benefits like recreation, tourism, aesthetic appreciation, and spiritual experiences.
- Supporting: Natural processes that support other ecosystem services, encompassing habitats, biodiversity, and nutrient and water cycling.
Tragedy of the Commons
- "Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all" highlights the conflict between individual desires and communal resources.
- Commons are finite resources shared by a population, and human demand can lead to resource depletion.
- Sustainability challenges include:
- Future-sight: Misjudging the replenishment of resources.
- Social scope: Prioritizing personal or community needs over collective sustainability.
- Bigger picture: Seeing larger entities exploit resources as justification for personal actions.
Ostrom’s Eight Design Principles
- Clearly Defined Boundaries: Rights to use and the limits of common pool resources must be defined.
- Proportional Equivalence Between Benefits and Costs: Balancing appropriations with benefits and local circumstances.
- Collective-Choice Arrangement: Stakeholders can participate in rule modifications.
- Monitoring: Accountability through active auditing of resource conditions and user behaviors.
- Graduated Sanctions: Rule violators face progressive sanctions based on infractions.
- Conflict Resolution Mechanism: Access to low-cost, local dispute resolutions for rapid conflict management.
- Minimal Recognition of Rights: External authorities uphold community-set rules.
- Nested Enterprises: Coordinated governance across multiple levels for resource management.
Population Growth and Sustainability
- Overpopulation is a contributing factor to the tragedy of the commons.
- Solutions to manage population growth include:
- Investing in social security and risk management.
- Providing financial aid and better public services.
- Enhancing education and empowering women.
Blindsides of Going Green
-
Jevon’s Paradox: Increased efficiency in technology results in lower costs and higher demand, potentially nullifying environmental benefits.
- Examples include transitions from coal to steam and from fluorescent lights to LED technology.
-
Negative Production Effect: Efficient technologies can lead to more investments, increasing environmental harm.
- Solar cell production emits nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), which is significantly more harmful than CO2.
- Biofuel cultivation affects food supply, raising prices and leading to deforestation for land conversion to crops.
Green Conscience Phenomenon
- Highlighted by Ozzie Zehner (2012), it describes the naïve belief that new clean-energy technologies will eradicate environmental consequences.
- Reliance on technological advancements fosters an illusion that current consumption levels can remain unchanged without damaging the environment.
Final Considerations
- Addressing blindsides involves re-evaluating assumptions about technology and consumption’s impacts on sustainability.
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Description
Explore the complex relationships between ecosystem services and the Tragedy of the Commons. This quiz delves into the categories of ecosystem benefits, emphasizing the need for sustainable management of common resources. Test your understanding of how individual actions can impact communal resources.
