COPY: Ecosystem Services and Climate Sensitivity
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COPY: Ecosystem Services and Climate Sensitivity

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of algal blooms caused by human activities on aquatic ecosystems?

  • Increased oxygen levels
  • Depletion of oxygen (correct)
  • Enhanced fish populations
  • Increased clarity of water

    • Which process in the nitrogen cycle is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants?

  • Decomposition
  • Anthropogenic flux
  • Fixation (correct)
  • Denitrification

    • What is the largest reservoir of carbon in the carbon cycle?

  • Atmosphere
  • Rocks and sediment (correct)
  • Living organisms
  • Oceans

    • Which of the following processes increases nitrogen levels in ecosystems due to human activity?

    <p>Burning fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is radiative forcing primarily concerned with?

    <p>Energy balance of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of deforestation in relation to the carbon cycle?

    <p>Increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does negative radiative forcing have on Earth?

    <p>Results in cooling of the planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the flux of ocean absorption in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Decreases atmospheric CO₂ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the increase in water vapor have on climate?

    <p>It contributes to warming the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feedback mechanism relates to melting ice decreasing Earth's reflectivity?

    <p>Ice-albedo feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?

    <p>To assess scientific research on climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines social optimum in economic terms?

    <p>When external costs and benefits are fully accounted for.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of ocean acidification?

    <p>Decrease in marine biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the scenario where marginal revenue equals marginal cost?

    <p>Economic optimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to increased variability in precipitation patterns?

    <p>Warming of the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can negative externalities affect third parties during production?

    <p>They impose costs on individuals not directly involved in the transaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary drawback of GDP as a measure of a country's progress?

    <p>It does not account for resource depletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GPI differ fundamentally from GDP in terms of environmental considerations?

    <p>GPI adjusts for environmental damage, while GDP does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a positive addition in the GPI calculation?

    <p>Access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity' refer to?

    <p>The eventual temperature predicted after CO2 levels stop rising.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the Anthropocene epoch?

    <p>It is defined by human actions strongly influencing geology and ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the term 'residence time' in biogeochemical cycles?

    <p>The average time an element remains in a reservoir before transitioning to another reservoir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of photosynthesis directly contributes to the carbon cycle?

    <p>Production of glucose and release of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a sink from a source in biogeochemical cycles?

    <p>A sink absorbs more of an element than it releases, while a source releases more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the phosphorus cycle, which statement is true regarding its characteristics?

    <p>Rocks and sediments serve as the largest reservoir of phosphorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range represents the predicted temperature rise due to a doubling of atmospheric CO2?

    <p>2.5°C to 4°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function do supporting services serve within ecosystems?

    <p>They offer nutrient cycling and primary production essential for other services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the internalisation of externalities primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Include external costs or benefits in market prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can be utilized to manage externalities?

    <p>Using a Pigovian tax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances does the Coase theorem suggest that parties can negotiate resolutions to externalities?

    <p>When property rights are well defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the optimal pollution level?

    <p>When marginal social benefit equals marginal social cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Tragedy of the Commons?

    <p>Resource depletion occurs despite shared interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies involves allocating permits to control pollution?

    <p>Cap-and-Trade system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increasing demand on optimal pollution levels?

    <p>Optimal pollution levels increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best defines a common good?

    <p>A resource available to everyone, often at risk of depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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