Ecology: Niche, Food Chains & Trophic Levels

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The role a species plays in its ecosystem, including its food sources, predators, and behaviors.

Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis.

Organisms that eat plants (Producers).

Organisms that eat other animals (Carnivores or Herbivores).

Organisms that eat both plants and animals.

A diagram that shows the flow of energy between different trophic levels in an ecosystem.

A model that demonstrates the relationships between trophic levels in an ecosystem, showing the amount of energy, biomass or number of individuals at each level.

The idea that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system, with interconnected living and non-living components.

A model that shows the amount of energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem. The base of the pyramid represents producers, and each level above represents consumers. Since energy is lost as it moves up the food chain, the pyramid gets smaller as you move up.

A model that shows the total amount of living matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem. The base of the pyramid represents producers, and each level above represents consumers. Since biomass decreases as you move up the food chain, the pyramid gets smaller as you move up.

An ecosystem that is created and maintained by humans, such as a farm, urban center, or road. These ecosystems typically have more uniform abiotic features, lower biodiversity, and are more intensively used by humans than natural ecosystems.

The total amount of land used by humans for various purposes, including farming, urbanization, and transportation. These land uses replace natural ecosystems and support our modern lifestyles.

The practice of growing a single species of plant or animal in a large area. Monocultures often lead to increased pest susceptibility and decreased biodiversity.

A type of pollution caused by acidic substances, mainly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, released into the atmosphere. Acid precipitation is a major environmental threat that can harm aquatic ecosystems, soils, and forests.

The ability of a substance to resist changes in pH. Some soils have a buffering capacity that helps them maintain a neutral pH, but too much acidity can overwhelm this buffer system and make the soil less suitable for plant growth.

The negative effects of acid precipitation on the Canadian economy. These impacts include damage to forests, reduction in fish stocks, and damage to infrastructure.