Eating Disorders: Key Differences and Complications

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)?

AN primarily involves avoiding food due to sensory characteristics, while ARFID is driven by an intense fear of gaining weight.
AN is more prevalent in males, while ARFID is more commonly diagnosed in females.
AN is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and body image distortion, while ARFID involves food avoidance based on sensory issues, fear of aversive consequences, or lack of interest in eating. (correct)
ARFID always involves compensatory behaviors like excessive exercise or purging, while AN does not.

A patient presents with recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. Which of the following complications is MOST directly associated with this presentation?

Metabolic syndrome (correct)
Esophageal tears
Electrolyte imbalances
Dental erosion

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a patient who would be classified as having Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)?

An individual who avoids food due to a fear of choking.
An individual who binges and purges at least once a week for the last 6 months.
An individual who restricts food intake and has a BMI of 17, with intense fear of gaining weight.
An individual who engages in binge eating followed by excessive exercise three times a week for two months. (correct)

Which of the following physiological changes would be LEAST likely to be observed in a patient with long-standing anorexia nervosa?

Increased heart rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the prevalence of eating disorders across different populations. Based on the information provided, which group is MOST likely to be affected by binge eating disorder (BED)?

General population (C) Signup and view all the answers

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which co-occurring psychiatric disorder is she MOST likely to also experience?

Substance abuse (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following historical facts represents an early recognition of eating disorders?

Descriptions of anorexia nervosa in the 19th century medical literature. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A clinician is assessing a patient who reports consuming a large amount of food in a discrete period and feels a lack of control during the episode. To differentiate between bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), what additional information is MOST crucial?

Whether the patient uses compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or laxatives. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the influence of sociocultural factors on the development of eating disorders?

A teenager with a genetic predisposition to anorexia nervosa develops the disorder after constant exposure to media promoting extreme thinness. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with anorexia nervosa exhibits severe bradycardia and electrolyte imbalances. Which of the following complications is of greatest concern given these symptoms?

Sudden cardiac arrest. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurobiological factor is most closely associated with the altered reward system observed in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED)?

Altered dopamine functioning in the reward pathway. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Her parents are overly involved in her life and express high levels of criticism. Which of the following treatment modalities would be most beneficial in addressing these family dynamics?

Family-Based Treatment (FBT). (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with bulimia nervosa reports feeling overwhelmed by intense emotions and engages in binge-purge cycles as a way to cope. Which psychotherapeutic approach would be most effective in addressing her emotional regulation difficulties?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in the development of anorexia nervosa?

Genetic predispositions can increase vulnerability to anorexia nervosa, but environmental triggers often precipitate the onset of the disorder. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with normal weight, but reports episodes of consuming large amounts of food, followed by compensatory behaviors. Physical examination reveals dental erosion and calluses on the knuckles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bulimia Nervosa. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory findings would be most concerning in a patient with anorexia nervosa due to the risk of refeeding syndrome during nutritional rehabilitation?

Hypokalemia. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the long-term outcomes of individuals treated for anorexia nervosa. Which factor would be most crucial to assess in determining the success of treatment?

Maintenance of a healthy weight and psychological well-being over several years. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pharmacological interventions is FDA-approved for the treatment of moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED)?

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with OSFED. Which presentation aligns with this diagnosis?

Engaging in recurrent binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviors at a frequency lower than once a week. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Given similar levels of caloric restriction, which patient is LEAST likely to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, according to DSM-5 criteria?

A 25-year-old male who restricts food intake due to fear of weight gain, maintains a BMI of 17, and reports amenorrhea. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which individual may be at the HIGHEST risk of cardiovascular complications due to their eating disorder?

A 28-year-old with BED, who binges 3-4 times a week, and has elevated BMI. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A study is designed to compare the prevalence rates of eating disorders. Based on the information provided, which eating disorder is MOST likely to have the highest representation in the general population?

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with bulimia nervosa is experiencing electrolyte imbalances due to frequent purging behaviors. Which of the following compensatory behaviors is MOST likely contributing to this medical complication?

Self-induced vomiting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the role of genetics in the development of eating disorders?

Genetic factors can increase vulnerability to developing an eating disorder but require environmental triggers for the disorder to manifest. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is MOST indicative of binge eating disorder rather than bulimia nervosa?

Experiencing a sense of lack of control while consuming large amounts of food in a short period. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A child primarily avoids particular foods due to their sensory characteristics, leading to nutritional deficiencies that result in stunted growth. Which of the following conditions best fits this description?

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the influence of family dynamics on the development of anorexia nervosa (AN)?

A young woman from a family with a history of enmeshment and high parental expectations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) is MOST likely to exhibit dysfunction in which of the following brain regions related to their eating disorder behaviors?

The reward system experiencing altered dopamine functioning. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment tool is specifically designed as a rapid screening instrument to identify potential eating disorders?

SCOFF Questionnaire. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with long-standing anorexia nervosa (AN) is at greatest risk of developing which long-term complication affecting bone health?

Osteoporosis due to hormonal imbalances and malnutrition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary focus of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN)?

Empowering families to actively manage the adolescent's eating behaviors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the role of altered interoceptive awareness in individuals with eating disorders?

It involves a diminished ability to recognize and respond to internal bodily signals such as hunger and satiety. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the rationale for using atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN)?

To promote weight gain and reduce obsessive thinking about weight. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN), what is the primary target of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

Modifying distorted thoughts related to body image and food. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with symptoms indicative of an eating disorder, and an ECG reveals arrhythmias. Which eating disorder is MOST likely associated with this patient's condition?

Anorexia nervosa (AN). (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes the long-term prognosis for individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN)?

High rates of chronicity and relapse are common despite treatment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Couples Therapy

Psychotherapy designed to help couples resolve conflicts and improve their relationship.

Psychodynamic Approach

Unresolved internal conflicts affecting present relationships.