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Which of the following is the least likely physical complication associated with anorexia nervosa?

Osteoporosis
Hypotension
Electrolyte imbalances (correct)
Bradycardia

A patient presents with recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. Which eating disorder is _most_ likely?

Anorexia Nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (correct)
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

Which of the following is a core diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa according to the DSM-5?

Binge and compensatory behaviors occurring at least once a week for three months (correct)
Significantly low body weight due to restriction of food intake
Avoidance of certain foods due to sensory characteristics
Intense fear of gaining weight, even when underweight

A young child consistently refuses to eat foods with certain textures, leading to significant nutritional deficiencies. Which eating disorder is _most_ likely?

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the prevalence of eating disorders?

Binge eating disorder affects approximately 2-3% of the general population. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical psychiatric comorbidity associated with bulimia nervosa?

Obsessive-compulsive traits (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with atypical anorexia nervosa. What does this diagnosis imply?

The patient does not meet all criteria for anorexia nervosa but still has a clinically significant eating disorder. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key differentiating factor between anorexia nervosa, restricting type, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)?

Anorexia nervosa includes an intense fear of gaining weight and body image distortion, while ARFID does not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the interplay between cultural ideals and the global prevalence of eating disorders?

Despite Westernized ideals of thinness contributing to higher prevalence in some cultures, eating disorders are observed worldwide. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the genetic component of anorexia nervosa (AN). Which research finding would provide the strongest evidence for a genetic contribution?

Twin studies indicate a higher concordance rate for AN in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurobiological factors is most closely associated with appetite control and is often dysregulated in individuals with eating disorders?

Dysregulation in the hypothalamus (A) Signup and view all the answers

A therapist is working with a client who has a history of childhood trauma. How might this history relate to the client's current eating disorder?

Childhood trauma can increase vulnerability to developing an eating disorder. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do cognitive distortions typically play in the maintenance of eating disorders?

Cognitive distortions, such as overvaluation of body shape and weight, contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with significant weight loss, lanugo, and a distorted body image. Which eating disorder is most likely?

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) (B) Signup and view all the answers

A person is suspected of having bulimia nervosa. Which physical sign would be most indicative of this disorder?

Parotid gland enlargement (B) Signup and view all the answers

During an assessment for a suspected eating disorder, which laboratory test would be most useful in evaluating the patient's immediate physical health risk?

Electrolytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medical consequences is LEAST likely to be directly associated with bulimia nervosa (BN)?

Osteoporosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). Her parents are advised to participate in Family-Based Treatment (FBT). What is the primary goal of FBT in this scenario?

To empower the family to take control of the patient's eating behaviors and weight restoration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism by which atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, are used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN)?

They primarily reduce anxiety and obsessive thinking related to weight, which can facilitate weight gain. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a long-standing eating disorder presents with significant electrolyte imbalances and a BMI of 14. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial step in their treatment?

Immediate hospitalization for medical stabilization. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN), what is the primary mechanism by which Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine are thought to reduce the frequency of binge-purge cycles?

By addressing underlying depression and improving impulse control. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is being treated for anorexia nervosa with nutritional rehabilitation. Which of the following BEST describes the rationale for gradual refeeding?

To minimize the risk of refeeding syndrome, a potentially fatal condition involving electrolyte and fluid shifts. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately compares the typical long-term outcomes of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) following treatment?

BN generally has higher recovery rates and lower relapse rates compared to AN. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary focus of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) when used in the treatment of eating disorders?

Addressing emotional regulation and impulsivity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessment methods provides the MOST direct evaluation of bone density in a patient with anorexia nervosa?

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with bulimia nervosa presents with signs of an esophageal tear. Which of the following factors is the MOST likely cause of this condition?

Repeated, forceful vomiting (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physiological changes is MOST indicative of the need for hospitalization in a patient with anorexia nervosa?

Electrolyte imbalances (B) Signup and view all the answers

When initiating nutritional rehabilitation for a patient with anorexia nervosa, which strategy is MOST important to minimize the risk of refeeding syndrome?

Supervised meal plans with gradual refeeding (A) Signup and view all the answers

A therapist is using Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following actions BEST exemplifies the therapist's role in this treatment?

Collaborating with the family to restore the adolescent's healthy eating patterns (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with bulimia nervosa is being treated with fluoxetine. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which this medication helps reduce binge-purge cycles?

Regulating serotonin levels to decrease impulsivity and improve mood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Compared to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) is associated with:

More favorable long-term outcomes with treatment. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with binge eating disorder (BED) is prescribed lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). What is the MOST likely target symptom this medication aims to address?

Impulsivity related to binge eating (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, occurring approximately twice a week for the past four months. According to DSM-5 criteria, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Bulimia Nervosa (BN) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the key features of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?

An adult who avoids eating most foods due to concerns about choking, resulting in significant nutritional deficiencies. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to study the incidence of eating disorders across different age groups. Based on the general trends, in which age group would they likely observe the highest number of new cases?

Adolescence and early adulthood (ages 13-25) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a person with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) MOST likely to develop, compared to individuals without any eating disorder?

Metabolic Syndrome (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the DSM-5 classification differentiate between Anorexia Nervosa, binge-eating/purging type, and Bulimia Nervosa?

Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa, binge-eating/purging type, are at a significantly low weight, whereas those with Bulimia Nervosa are at a normal weight or overweight. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A clinician is evaluating a patient who reports significant restriction of food intake but does not express a fear of weight gain or body image distortion. Which eating disorder is LEAST likely?

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the gender distribution of eating disorders?

Eating disorders are more common in women, but prevalence among men is increasing. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between 'Purging Disorder' as an OSFED and Bulimia Nervosa?

Purging disorder involves compensatory behaviors without any binge eating episodes, whereas Bulimia Nervosa includes both. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between genetic factors and the development of anorexia nervosa (AN)?

Twin studies suggest a strong heritable component to AN, indicating a significant genetic influence. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating potential neurobiological factors contributing to bulimia nervosa (BN). Which of the following findings would be most consistent with current understandings of BN's neurobiology?

Altered dopamine functioning in the reward pathway, potentially contributing to the reinforcing nature of binge-purge cycles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might family dynamics characterized by enmeshment and overprotectiveness contribute to the development or maintenance of an eating disorder?

They can hinder the development of individual identity and emotional regulation skills, potentially increasing vulnerability to eating disorders. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with suspected bulimia nervosa (BN) presents with calluses on their knuckles (Russell's sign). What does this physical sign suggest about their behavior?

They are likely inducing vomiting as a compensatory behavior. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of the insular cortex in the neurobiology of eating disorders?

It is involved in interoceptive awareness, which is how the individual perceives the emotional state of the body; this can be altered in eating disorders. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A clinician is using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) during the assessment of a patient. What information is the EDE-Q designed to gather?

The severity and frequency of specific eating disorder behaviors, and the associated psychological features. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A young adult is exhibiting social withdrawal, ritualistic eating behaviors, and a preoccupation with calories. While these symptoms are concerning, which additional psychological symptom would be most indicative of anorexia nervosa (AN) rather than another eating disorder?

Extreme fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do perfectionism and rigid thinking, as cognitive distortions, typically contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders?

They create unrealistic standards for body shape and weight, leading to anxiety and restrictive eating or compensatory behaviors when these standards are not met. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with significant weight loss, but reports no fear of gaining weight and denies any body image distortion. They state they only eat a very narrow range of foods due to texture aversions. Which eating disorder is MOST likely?

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the key difference between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is comparing the prevalence rates of different eating disorders. Based on the presented information, which of the following represents the MOST accurate order from highest to lowest prevalence in the general population?

Binge Eating Disorder > Bulimia Nervosa > Anorexia Nervosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of 'Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder' (OSFED) within the DSM-5 classification?

It is used when a patient's symptoms do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder, but still cause clinically significant distress or impairment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical complications is MOST directly associated with the binge-purge cycle in bulimia nervosa?

Electrolyte Imbalances (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates a compensatory behavior as it relates to Bulimia Nervosa?

A person who engages in excessive exercise after consuming a large meal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A clinician is assessing a patient who reports episodes of uncontrolled eating followed by feelings of guilt and distress, but denies any compensatory behaviors. The patient is obese and has a history of cardiovascular issues. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses is MOST appropriate?

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (A) Signup and view all the answers

A young woman is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type. How does this diagnosis differ from a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa?

Individuals with anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type, maintain a significantly low body weight, while those with bulimia nervosa are at a normal weight or overweight. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate regarding the role of family dynamics in eating disorders?

Families characterized by enmeshment, overprotectiveness, or conflict can increase vulnerability. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with anorexia nervosa is experiencing persistent bradycardia. What is the MOST immediate concern associated with this symptom?

Elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST encapsulates the interplay between serotonin dysfunction and eating disorders?

Serotonin dysfunction is associated with satiety, impulse control, and mood regulation in AN and BN. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the role of the insular cortex in eating disorders. What aspect of eating disorder pathology is MOST likely influenced by this brain region?

Interoceptive awareness (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with bulimia nervosa is undergoing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). What is the PRIMARY focus of this therapeutic approach?

Modifying distorted thoughts and behaviors related to body image and food (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the role of reward system dysfunction in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED)?

Altered dopamine functioning in the reward pathway contributes to compulsive eating behaviors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment tool specifically aids in the rapid screening of eating disorders?

SCOFF Questionnaire (C) Signup and view all the answers

When initiating nutritional rehabilitation in a patient with anorexia nervosa, which strategy is MOST critical for minimizing the risk of refeeding syndrome?

Commencing with a supervised meal plan and gradual refeeding approach (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the long-term prognosis of anorexia nervosa (AN)?

While a significant percentage recover, AN has high rates of chronicity and relapse. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 19-year-old female presents with significant weight loss, amenorrhea, and lanugo. She expresses an intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight. Which factor would be MOST important in differentiating between anorexia nervosa, restricting type, and anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type?

The methods used to prevent weight gain (e.g., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Cultural Influence

Eating disorders are seen worldwide, influenced by Westernized ideals of thinness.

Genetic Factors

Twin studies indicate a genetic component, particularly for anorexia nervosa.

Neurobiological Factors

Serotonin and dopamine pathways are dysregulated, and the hypothalamus shows abnormalities, affecting hunger and satiety.