Eating Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the hypothalamus contain?

The hypothalamus contains the appetite regulation center within the brain.

What are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa?

  • Restriction Type (correct)
  • Compulsive Type
  • Emotional Type
  • Binge-eating/purging type (correct)

What is the primary characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

  • Excessive weight loss
  • An intense fear of gaining weight
  • A distorted body image
  • Excessive food intake followed by purging behaviors (correct)

Obesity is classified as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM-V.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that has been implicated in the development of obesity?

<p>Social media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychoanalytical view of obesity?

<p>The psychoanalytical view of obesity suggests that obese individuals have unresolved dependency needs and are fixed in the oral stage of psychosexual development. The symptoms of obesity are viewed as depressive equivalents, an attempt to regain 'lost' or frustrated nurturing and caring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The incidence of eating disorders has continued to ______ over the past 30 years.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypothalamus

A neurological system within the brain that regulates hunger and satiety, playing a crucial role in our ability to recognize when we need to eat and when we are full.

Anorexia Nervosa

A type of eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and a significant restriction of food intake.

Body Image

A mental image or perception of one’s own body that is often distorted in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa - Restricting Type

A form of anorexia where weight loss is achieved mainly through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise. There are no purging behaviors like vomiting or misuse of laxatives.

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Anorexia Nervosa - Binge-Eating/Purging Type

A form of anorexia where weight loss involves purging behaviors like self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, alongside restricting food intake.

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Bulimia Nervosa

A chronic and serious eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.

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Binge Eating

Episodes of eating an excessive amount of food in a short period, often accompanied by a feeling of lack of control.

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Obesity

A condition in which a person has an excessively high body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, related to excess body fat.

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Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

A type of eating disorder where people engage in recurrent episodes of binge eating, but do not engage in purging behaviors. Often associated with obesity.

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BMI (Body Mass Index)

A measure of body fat based on weight and height, calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m) squared.

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Normal Weight BMI

The range of BMI that is considered within a healthy weight range.

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Overweight

A BMI between 25 and 29.9, suggesting a higher than normal body weight.

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Obesity (World Health Organization Definition)

A BMI of 30 or higher, indicating a significant excess of body fat.

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Genetics (Role in Eating Disorders and Obesity)

The study of how genes influence the development of traits, including eating disorders and obesity.

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Physiological Factors (Role in Obesity)

Hormonal imbalances, such as those related to thyroid function or insulin production, which can contribute to weight gain.

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Sedentary Lifestyle (Role in Obesity)

A lack of physical activity, contributing to a decrease in calorie expenditure, which can lead to weight gain.

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Psychoanalytic View of Obesity

A psychoanalytic theory suggesting that obese individuals have unmet dependency needs and fixation in the oral stage of development, leading to seeking comfort through food.

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Enmeshment (Family Dynamics)

A term used to describe unhealthy or excessive connection and involvement within family members, a factor potentially influencing the development of eating disorders.

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Behavior Modification

A therapy approach that focuses on identifying and changing maladaptive behaviors, often used in the treatment of eating disorders.

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Psychopharmacology (Role in Treatment)

The use of medications to treat symptoms of eating disorders, such as depression or anxiety, which are often co-occurring.

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Individual Psychotherapy

Type of therapy focusing on the individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they might be contributing to the eating disorder.

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Family Therapy

An approach that focuses on addressing family dynamics and communication patterns as a factor contributing to eating disorders.

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Anorexia Nervosa: Definition

A condition characterized by a morbid fear of obesity leading to severe weight loss, often accompanied by distorted body image.

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Distorted Body Image in Anorexia

The individual with anorexia nervosa, despite being emaciated, believes they are fat. This is a key symptom of the disorder.

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Emotional Distress in Anorexia

Anorexia nervosa often involves a combination of depression and anxiety, creating a complex emotional burden.

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Bulimia Nervosa: Description

Bulimia nervosa involves secret and impulsive episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a short period.

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Emotional Fallout after Binging

Bulimia nervosa often leads to guilt, shame, and depression after the binge eating episodes.

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Purging Behaviors in Bulimia

Purging behaviors like self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics are used to compensate for the binge eating episodes.

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Co-occurring Conditions with Bulimia

Bulimia nervosa can contribute to emotional and anxiety problems, adding more complexities to managing the condition.

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Predisposing Factors for Eating Disorders

Predisposing factors like genetics, physiological issues, family dynamics, and lifestyle choices can influence the development of eating disorders.

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Study Notes

Eating Disorders Overview

  • Eating disorders are a significant concern
  • Prevalence of disorders has increased in recent decades
  • Disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and obesity are discussed

Anorexia Nervosa

  • Characterized by a morbid fear of weight gain and a distorted body image
  • Individuals with anorexia nervosa may have an obsessive need to control food intake
  • Often involves extreme dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.
  • Self-induced vomiting and the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas may co-occur.
  • BMI below 85% of expected weight may indicate severity
  • Hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, and edema are other symptoms.
  • Amenorrhea is a common symptom associated with weight loss in females.
  • The disorder often starts in adolescence.
  • A subjective concept of one's physical appearance
  • The body image is distorted leading to the individual perception of being "fat" when underweight.

Types of Anorexia Nervosa

  • Restriction type: involves dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise without episodes of binge and purging
  • Binge-eating/purging type: characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior.

Anorexia Nervosa Severity

  • Severity is classified based on BMI: Mild, Moderate, Severe, or Extreme.

Bulimia Nervosa

  • An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating (rapid ingestion of large amounts of food) followed by compensatory behaviors
  • Compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories often include purging (self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas) or fasting, or excessive exercise.
  • Individuals with bulimia nervosa experience feelings of guilt, shame, and depression after binge-eating episodes.
  • Weight fluctuations are common. Individuals tend to be within a normal weight range.

Bulimia Severity

  • Severity is based on average number of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week: Mild, Moderate, Severe, or Extreme

Binge-Eating Disorder

  • Individuals with binge-eating disorder have recurring episodes of binge eating
  • No compensatory behaviors occur
  • Often associated with obesity

Obesity

  • Not classified as a psychiatric disorder but has strong emotional links
  • BMI of 30 or higher defines obesity

Etiological Influences for Obesity and Eating Disorders

  • Genetics play a role in the predisposition to eating disorders and obesity.
  • Neurochemical influences are suggested in bulimia nervosa,
  • Socio-cultural factors influence eating behaviors, and views on the "ideal" body type (historically and in modern society).
  • Psychodynamic views on eating disorders suggest that issues within the family are linked to eating disorders
  • Issues of control, perfectionism, or enmeshment between family members may impact individuals with eating disorders. 
  • Physiological factors, such as hypothalamic dysfunction in anorexia and thyroid problems, are also possible. 

Treatment of Eating Disorders

  • Treatment modalities include behavioral modification, individual and family therapy, and psychopharmacology.

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Eating Disorders PPT PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. This quiz covers essential concepts such as characteristics, classifications, and underlying factors contributing to these conditions. Perfect for students studying psychology or related fields.

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