Earth Science Grade 11 Module: Endogenic Processes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an endogenic process?

  • Inner core
  • Erosion (correct)
  • Metamorphism
  • Tectonic movements of the crust

Which of the following processes in the asthenosphere is responsible for the formation of magma?

  • Decreasing pressure
  • Addition of water
  • Increasing temperature (correct)
  • Removal of gases

Which of the following is formed from the accumulation of low-viscosity lava that reaches the surface through fissures?

  • Caldera
  • Lava plateaus (correct)
  • Hot springs
  • Geysirs

Which of the following is the general term used to describe rocks made from the cooling and solidifying of molten rock?

<p>Igneous rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for intrusive igneous rock?

<p>Plutonic rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rocks are formed when lava cools and solidifies on the earth’s surface?

<p>Volcanic rock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?

<p>Near the bottom of the flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of volcanic rock contains a large number of cavities (bubbles) that form when gases escape from the molten rock?

<p>Pumice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the module on endogenic processes of the Earth?

<p>Understanding hazardous geologic phenomena (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) for this module?

<p>Discuss the impact of human activity on rock formations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does magmatism refer to in the context of the module?

<p>The formation and movement of magma within the Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is suggested for predicting the future behavior of tectonic plates?

<p>Employing maps, diagrams, or models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected outcomes regarding metamorphism in the module?

<p>To describe changes in rocks due to heat and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the processes of folding and faulting?

<p>They are the result of movements in the Earth’s tectonic plates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Earth's interior hot?

<p>Due to the presence of radioactive materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural phenomenon is a consequence of volcanic activity?

<p>Tsunamis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of geothermal wells?

<p>To extract superheated steam for electricity generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what approximate depth does hot water reach a temperature of 300 °C in geothermal fields?

<p>1 kilometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a cinder cone volcano primarily formed?

<p>From particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the top of a cinder cone volcano?

<p>A bowl-shaped crater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is volcanism?

<p>The eruption of materials from the Earth's interior to the surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to thermal water in subterranean geothermal systems?

<p>It circulates and forms underground reservoirs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a caldera?

<p>A large depression formed by a volcanic explosion or collapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is primarily ejected from a cinder cone volcano?

<p>Cinders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material being extruded by Mount Mayon?

<p>Lava (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process of rock formation change due to internal heat and pressure?

<p>Metamorphism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Greek word 'meta' mean in relation to geology?

<p>Change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rocks is an example of a metamorphic rock?

<p>Marble (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor affecting contact metamorphism?

<p>Heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the eruption of materials from Earth's interior to its surface?

<p>Volcanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of phyllite?

<p>Shiny foliation surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

<p>They undergo changes due to heat and pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which magma rises through the crust and crystallizes as an intrusive igneous rock beneath the Earth’s surface?

<p>Magmatism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the changes in mineral assemblage and texture due to rock being subjected to altered conditions?

<p>Metamorphism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metamorphism occurs adjacent to igneous intrusions due to high temperatures?

<p>Contact metamorphism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metamorphism affects large areas and generally does not relate to igneous bodies?

<p>Regional metamorphism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hot, molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Magma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for molten rocks that are ejected onto the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption?

<p>Lava (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which of the following does an explosive volcanic eruption primarily originate?

<p>Gas-rich magma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes describes the transformation of solid rock into magma?

<p>Partial melting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does decompression melting take place?

<p>Mid-ocean ridge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor of partial melting?

<p>An increase in pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is described when the melting points of minerals decrease due to the addition of water or carbon dioxide?

<p>Flux melting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which minerals are likely to melt last during partial melting?

<p>Quartz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most abundant elements found in magma?

<p>Silicon and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected change in temperature of rocks during partial melting?

<p>Increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT associated with the process of metamorphism?

<p>Weathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing regional metamorphism?

<p>Pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endogenic Processes

Processes that occur within the Earth's interior, affecting its structure and surface.

Earthquakes

Sudden shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

Volcanoes

Openings in the Earth's surface through which molten rock (magma) erupts.

Tsunamis

Giant waves in the ocean caused by earthquakes or volcanic activity under the sea.

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Magmatism

Processes related to the formation and movement of magma within the Earth.

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Metamorphism

Changes in rocks due to extreme pressure and temperature deep beneath the Earth's surface.

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Geologic Processes

Actions happening inside the Earth, modifying its structure and surface features.

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Earth's Interior Heat

The source of energy driving geological activities within the Earth, including plate movement and formation of magma.

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Magma Formation in Asthenosphere

Magma forms when pressure decreases or temperature increases, or water is added, in the asthenosphere (Earth's mantle).

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Lava Plateau

A large, flat area of land formed by the accumulation of low-viscosity lava that flows from fissures.

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Igneous Rock

Rocks formed from the cooling and solidifying of molten rock (magma or lava).

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Intrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock that formed beneath the Earth's surface.

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Extrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock formed from lava cooled on the Earth's surface.

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Volcanic Rock (Crystals)

Rocks that form when lava cools and solidifies on the earth's surface, with crystal size generally larger near the bottom of the flow.

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Vesicular Volcanic Rock

Volcanic rock with many cavities or holes formed by escaping gases.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy derived from the Earth's internal heat, often harnessing hot water or steam.

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Hot Springs/Geysers

Natural occurrences of hot water or steam erupting from the Earth's surface.

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Geothermal Field

Underground reservoirs of hot water and/or steam that can be tapped for energy.

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Plutonism

Magma rising and cooling below the Earth's surface, forming intrusive igneous rocks.

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Cinder Cone Volcano

Simplest volcano type, formed by ejected lava fragments accumulating around a vent.

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Crater

The mouth of a volcanic vent.

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Lava Flow

The movement of molten rock (lava) from a volcano's vent, often covering a significant distance.

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Volcanic Crater

The depression at the top of a volcano, often where eruptions occur.

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Extruded Material

The substance released from a volcano during an eruption, usually molten rock (lava) or volcanic ash.

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Magma

Molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.

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Contact Metamorphism

Changes in rock composition and texture caused by the heat of nearby magma.

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Foliation

The layered or banded appearance of some metamorphic rocks.

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Regional Metamorphism

Changes in rock composition and texture caused by large-scale geological processes, usually involving pressure and heat.

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Intrusive Igneous Rock Formation

The process where magma rises from the Earth's mantle, cools, and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface, creating intrusive igneous rocks.

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Magma vs. Lava

Magma is molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is the same molten rock that has erupted onto the surface.

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Decompression Melting

Melting of rocks due to a decrease in pressure, often occurring at divergent plate boundaries like mid-ocean ridges.

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Flux Melting

Melting of rocks caused by the addition of volatiles like water or carbon dioxide, which lowers the melting point of minerals.

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Partial Melting

The process where only a portion of a rock melts, forming magma. Minerals with lower melting points melt first.

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Mineral Melting Order

During partial melting, minerals with lower melting points melt first, like biotite, while minerals with higher melting points, like quartz, melt last.

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Magma Composition

Magma is primarily composed of silicon and oxygen, with lesser amounts of other elements like aluminum, iron, and magnesium.

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Temperature During Partial Melting

The temperature of rocks increases during partial melting, as heat is required to melt the minerals.

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Study Notes

  • This document is a module in Earth Science.
  • It is for Grade 11.
  • The module covers Quarter 2, Week 2.
  • The module covers Endogenic Processes of the Earth.
  • Content Standard: Demonstrate understanding of geologic processes within the Earth, such as folding, faulting, magmatism, and metamorphism.
  • Performance Standard: Use maps, diagrams or models to predict what could happen in the future as the tectonic plates continue to move.
  • Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs): Explain why the Earth's interior is hot, describe what happens after magma is formed, describe changes in mineral components and texture of rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature (metamorphism).
  • The module covers lessons on why the Earth's interior is hot and Magmatism and Metamorphism.
  • Multiple question and answer sections are included to assess student learning.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the Endogenic Processes of the Earth as part of the Grade 11 Earth Science curriculum for Quarter 2, Week 2. It covers important geologic processes such as folding, faulting, magmatism, and metamorphism. Through various questions and answers, students will assess their understanding of why the Earth's interior is hot and how these processes influence rock formation and texture changes.

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