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Questions and Answers
What type of stress is caused by tectonic plates being pulled apart, resulting in thinner crust?
Which type of fault occurs when the hanging wall moves down?
What describes shear stress in relation to tectonic plates?
Which heat source is attributed to heat produced from the Earth's formation?
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What is the result of the fracturing and displacement of rock strata along a fault plane?
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Which type of fault involves the hanging wall moving upwards?
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Which type of heat is generated by the decay of radioactive materials?
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What type of magma development is referred to as magmatism?
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What are endogenic processes primarily associated with?
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Which of the following is an example of metamorphism?
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What type of stress is defined as a squeezing force acting on rocks?
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What do anticlines and synclines describe?
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How is deformation caused in geological structures?
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Which of the following stresses is caused by forces acting in opposite directions along a plane?
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What leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks?
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What happens to the crust under compressional stress?
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Where is magma primarily formed?
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Which geological process involves one tectonic plate diving beneath another?
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What is the result of mantle plumes in geological processes?
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What characterizes an effusive volcanic eruption?
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What condition is necessary for an effusive eruption to occur?
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What typically initiates an explosive eruption?
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What is formed through the eruption of magma onto the surface?
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Which type of magma is often associated with explosive eruptions?
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Study Notes
Endogenic Processes
- Endogenic processes are geological changes occurring beneath the Earth's surface, driven by internal energy.
- Constant movement of Earth's crust is attributed to endogenic forces.
Types of Endogenic Processes
- Metamorphism: Involves transformation of existing rock materials under high pressure and temperature, forming metamorphic rocks.
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Deformation: Refers to the bending or fracturing of rocks due to compressional, tensional, shear, or confining stresses.
- Folding: Anticlines (upward folds) and synclines (downward folds) are formed due to compressional stress.
- Tension: Thinning of the crust occurs as tectonic plates pull apart, causing faults and rift valleys.
- Shear: Plates slide past one another, causing stress at transform boundaries.
Faulting
- Faults are fractures where rocks have displaced under tension or compression.
- Types of faults:
- Normal Faults: Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall.
- Reverse Faults: Hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
- Strike-slip Faults: Walls move horizontally past one another.
Heat in Earth's Interior
- Primordial Heat: Generated during Earth's formation.
- Radioactive Heat: Produced by the decay of radioactive elements.
- Heat transfer occurs through convection and conduction.
Magmatism
- Magmatism is the process of magma formation and development into igneous rocks.
- Commonly occurs at:
- Mid-oceanic ridges
- Mantle plumes
- Subduction zones
- Dense, low-lying igneous crust forms ocean basins, covering two-thirds of Earth’s surface.
Volcanism
- Volcanism refers to the eruption of molten rock onto the Earth's surface via vents.
- Involves the release of lava, pyroclastics, and gases from magma within the crust or mantle.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
- Effusive Eruption: Characterized by a steady flow of lava from a volcano; occurs when magma allows gas bubbles to escape easily.
- Explosive Eruption: Initiated by blockage in a volcano's crater, leading to the buildup of pressure from trapped gases within viscous magma.
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Description
Explore the intriguing world of endogenic processes in geology with this quiz focused on the Week 7 curriculum of Earth and Life Science 11. Understand how geological processes create changes beneath the Earth's surface and the energy sources that drive these activities. Assess your knowledge on the dynamics of the Earth's interior and its impact on our environment.
