Earth Science Chapter 13: Weather vs. Climate

<p>It is significantly higher than most climates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It keeps temperatures relatively stable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both temperature and precipitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>January (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In millimeters (mm) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>August (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Months of the year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Further increase in temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beginning of winter conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>July has the highest average temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High temperatures accompanied by up to 600 cm of rain annually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maritime tropical air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>El Niño (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and violent changes in weather (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daylight variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arid and semiarid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Little Ice Age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild climates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in Earth's climate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm water moves toward South America modifying weather patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderate precipitation and a mix of vegetation types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Millions of years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience chronic water deficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snow may fall but does not persist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D climates have average temperatures below -3C in winter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cool summers and extremely cold winters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are influenced by elevation above sea level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitation tends to decrease with altitude. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Average temperatures fall below -3C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C climates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coastal areas see smaller temperature changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orographic Lifting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat absorption by buildings and roads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through analysis of natural vegetation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humid Tropical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban development causing heat absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is typically greater than seasonal temperature differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The month with the highest rainfall in a tropical rainforest.

The average temperature in a tropical rainforest stays relatively consistent throughout the year.

The amount of rainfall in a given period.

A graph showing the average monthly temperature and precipitation in a specific location.

The average monthly temperature of an area.

A climate classification system that groups climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns.

Climates with a chronic water deficiency, where evaporation exceeds precipitation.

Climates in mid-latitudes with distinct seasons and enough moisture for abundant plant life.

Similar to C climates, but with colder winters and persistent snow cover. These climates have distinct seasons.

Climates with extremely cold winters and cool summers.

Climates influenced by elevation, with temperature decreasing with altitude.

The side of a mountain that faces the prevailing winds.

The side of a mountain that faces away from the prevailing winds.

The horizontal axis of a graph, typically displaying categories or time periods.

The vertical axis of a graph, typically displaying values or measurements.

A visual representation of data, showing relationships between variables.

The monthly variations in temperature and precipitation over a year.

The individual months of the year, usually displayed in sequence.

A graph that shows the relationship between temperature and precipitation over time, often by month.

The period when the Earth's average temperature decreased by an estimated 5°C.

Climatic changes that repeat regularly and are caused by variations in daylight, temperature, and weather patterns.

A natural phenomenon that occurs when warm water moves west across the Pacific Ocean.

A period of time when warm water surges back toward South America, influencing weather patterns.

The period from 1645 to 1716 when there were few sunspots, linked to the Little Ice Age.

A period of unusually cold temperatures between the 16th and 19th centuries.

The idea that a more elliptical Earth's orbit around the Sun can cause significant changes in climate.

A change in the shape of Earth's orbit, possibly leading to climate change.

Characterized by year-round high temperatures and significant rainfall, exceeding 600 cm annually. These regions are primarily influenced by maritime tropical air.

Classified as a subtype of tropical climates with distinct dry winter seasons due to the occasional influence of dry continental air masses.

The largest climatic zone on Earth, encompassing about 30% of Earth's land area. These regions are dominated by continental tropical air, resulting in low precipitation and sparse vegetation.

A type of dry climate characterized by extreme aridity and very low rainfall.

A type of dry climate with moderate aridity, characterized by slightly higher rainfall than arid climates.

A climate category with three subtypes (humid subtropical, marine west-coast, Mediterranean) characterized by relatively mild temperatures and distinct seasonal variations.

Classified into three subtypes (warm summer, cool summer, subarctic) with distinct seasonal temperature variations and often experience rapid and significant weather changes.

Experience frequent and sometimes violent weather events, including severe thunderstorms and tornadoes due to dynamic atmospheric conditions.

Coastal areas experience smaller temperature fluctuations due to the moderating effect of water. Inland areas, on the other hand, experience more significant temperature changes.

The process of air being forced upward as it encounters a mountain range. This often causes precipitation on the windward side (the side facing the wind), leaving the leeward side (opposite side) dry and warm.

The amount of heat a substance absorbs or releases when its state changes (e.g. water changing from liquid to gas). For water, it takes a lot of energy to change from a liquid to a gas, making it a good temperature moderator.

Large masses of air with similar temperature and humidity characteristics. They influence regional climates by transporting these properties from their source regions.

Urban areas are generally warmer than surrounding rural areas due to factors like heat absorbed by concrete and buildings, and trapped air pollution.

Köppen's classification for climates where every month has a mean temperature above 18°C (64°F) and the temperature difference between day and night is greater than the difference between December and June.

The process of an air mass gaining moisture and becoming more unstable as it rises over a mountain range, leading to increased precipitation.