Early Modern Commerce and Globalization

<p>Elite merchants in the Lmba cult used the slave trade to gain and manipulate power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women had to increase their roles in agricultural labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some African kingdoms actively participated, while others tried to avoid it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Caribbean and Brazil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Triangle trade is a specific trading pattern related to slavery, but distinct from the total Atlantic slave trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased value of silver and a surge in demand for Chinese goods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased disease, warfare, and erosion of cultural traditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of plantation crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They preferred using pre-existing African slave markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggered a new phase in global economic activity with increased trade and demand for Chinese goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of European diseases to which they had no immunity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was characterized by its enormous scale and transportation of millions across the sea. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enforce their monopoly and eliminate competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expelled all foreigners, executed Japanese Christians, and restricted trade to a single port. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish order and foster alliances with merchants to grow their economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through trade with Native Americans, who did the trapping and hunting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initially, they used white slaves from Eastern Europe, then shifted to African slaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It strengthened some societies while corrupting others and causing widespread disruption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased demand from European countries for enslaved African labor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The desire for Asian luxury goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing trading posts in key locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline of Portuguese influence in the 17th century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused forced relocation and disruption of traditional culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lack of desired goods for trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dutch East India Company (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Islam as an ideology of resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A period between 1450 and 1750 characterized by increased global trade and economic connections, largely driven by European maritime powers.

The desire for spices and other luxury goods from Asia was a major driving force behind European voyages of discovery and trade.

European powers sought to bypass traditional trade routes controlled by Muslim merchants and Italian city-states, aiming to establish direct access to Asian markets.

The Portuguese, led by Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gama, were the first Europeans to establish a significant presence in the Indian Ocean trade network.

A strategy employed by the Portuguese in which they established trading posts in strategic locations around the Indian Ocean, aiming to control trade routes and goods.

The Dutch and British, arriving later with superior resources and military capabilities, rivaled Portuguese influence in Asian trade.

The Dutch and British chartered companies, such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC), granted merchants the ability to invest, share risk, and establish monopolies through military dominance in conquered territories.

The Spanish established a colony in the Philippines, making it a gateway to Asian trade and a key outpost for Catholicism in Asia.

The Dutch established a plantation-style economy in Indonesia using force and coercion to achieve their goals.

The British, aiming to break the Dutch monopoly, shifted their focus to India, where they collaborated with the Mughal Empire.

Asian trade remained primarily controlled by Asians, with limited European presence in mainland Asia.

China's demand for silver fueled its economic growth and led to a shift towards commercial production and exports.

Japan effectively managed its silver influx, fostering alliances with merchants and promoting economic development.

The fur trade in North America and Siberia fueled exploration and trade, but also led to conflict and environmental damage.

Native Americans in North America were primarily responsible for trapping and hunting, trading furs for European goods.

The fur trade led to disease, warfare, and the erosion of traditional Native American culture.

The Atlantic slave trade involved the forced movement of an estimated 12.5 million Africans across the Atlantic over three centuries.

The slave trade profoundly impacted African societies, strengthening some and corrupting others.

The Atlantic slave trade led to the creation of a distinct African diaspora in the Americas, shaping new societies and cultures.

The Atlantic slave trade fueled European profits and contributed to the development of racial stereotypes.

The Atlantic slave trade was unique in its scale and scope, with millions of Africans transported across the Atlantic.

The overwhelming majority of enslaved Africans were male, primarily used for labor on plantations.

Sugar, tobacco, and cotton were major plantation crops, reliant on slave labor due to the decline of Native American populations.

Enslaved people were exchanged for European and Indian goods like weapons, manufactured items, cowry shells (currency), and Indian cotton textiles.

The number of enslaved people shipped per year increased drastically between the 15th and 17th centuries. From about 400 per year in the 15th century, it rose to over 10,000 per year in the 17th century.

Enslaved individuals came from diverse backgrounds, often including prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals. The West African Coast, from present-day Mauritania to Angola, was a primary source of enslaved people.

The slave trade had a devastating impact on Africa. Millions of people, mostly working-age men, were lost, severely impacting populations. Economic development was stunted, and African societies were corrupted, with some benefiting from the trade while others suffered.

The Lmba cult is an example of how the slave trade corrupted African societies. Elite merchants profited from the trade and manipulated the system to maintain their power.

With the loss of men due to the slave trade, women faced increased pressure to provide agricultural labor. Polygamy became more common as men sought multiple wives. West African men bought women as slaves to symbolize status and wealth. Some women, however, rose to positions of power and even married Europeans.

African involvement in the slave trade was complex. People made choices, and some resisted the trade. The Kingdom of Benin actively traded but avoided participating in the slave trade, while the Kingdom of Dahomey became heavily involved.

The Atlantic slave trade involved transporting enslaved people across the Atlantic Ocean. The Triangle trade is a specific pattern of trading involving three locations—Europe, Africa, and the Americas—but isn't the same as the Atlantic slave trade.