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Which two countries began to establish great empires during the mid-15th century?
Which two countries began to establish great empires during the mid-15th century?
What was the primary economic model used by Europeans to maximize profits from their colonies?
What was the primary economic model used by Europeans to maximize profits from their colonies?
What major commodity did Spain acquire from the New World that significantly increased its wealth?
What major commodity did Spain acquire from the New World that significantly increased its wealth?
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the native populations of the Americas?
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the native populations of the Americas?
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How were the Dutch and British East India Companies primarily funded?
How were the Dutch and British East India Companies primarily funded?
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Which of the following regions was not directly dominated by Europeans until the mid-1750s?
Which of the following regions was not directly dominated by Europeans until the mid-1750s?
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What was a significant outcome of the triangular trade pattern established in the Atlantic world?
What was a significant outcome of the triangular trade pattern established in the Atlantic world?
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What technological advantage did Europeans acquire that changed dynamics of power beginning in the 1750s?
What technological advantage did Europeans acquire that changed dynamics of power beginning in the 1750s?
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What was the primary reason for the shift in trade routes when Europeans arrived?
What was the primary reason for the shift in trade routes when Europeans arrived?
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What was the social structure of Central African societies primarily based on?
What was the social structure of Central African societies primarily based on?
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How did the Kingdom of Kongo attempt to protect its borders?
How did the Kingdom of Kongo attempt to protect its borders?
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What impact did the arrival of Europeans have on the ethnic identities along the West African coast?
What impact did the arrival of Europeans have on the ethnic identities along the West African coast?
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What was the major agricultural challenge faced in Central Africa?
What was the major agricultural challenge faced in Central Africa?
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What did the Portuguese primarily leave behind after their interaction with the Kingdom of Kongo?
What did the Portuguese primarily leave behind after their interaction with the Kingdom of Kongo?
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Which product was NOT used as a trade item by Europeans in Africa?
Which product was NOT used as a trade item by Europeans in Africa?
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Which characteristic defined the political units in Central Africa?
Which characteristic defined the political units in Central Africa?
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What was a significant role of the Swahili people along the eastern African coast?
What was a significant role of the Swahili people along the eastern African coast?
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Which empire sought to expel the Portuguese from the eastern African coast?
Which empire sought to expel the Portuguese from the eastern African coast?
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What major event occurred during the siege of Mombasa in 1696?
What major event occurred during the siege of Mombasa in 1696?
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What was one reason for the Portuguese control over the Zambezi River?
What was one reason for the Portuguese control over the Zambezi River?
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Which dynasty ascended in the 18th century and was associated with slave and ivory trading in Zanzibar?
Which dynasty ascended in the 18th century and was associated with slave and ivory trading in Zanzibar?
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Which city-states were prominent in the Swahili culture along the east African coast?
Which city-states were prominent in the Swahili culture along the east African coast?
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What was a consequence of the Portuguese bombardment of coastal cities?
What was a consequence of the Portuguese bombardment of coastal cities?
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What shift occurred in the slave trade routes mentioned in the content?
What shift occurred in the slave trade routes mentioned in the content?
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What is one of the Five Pillars of Islam that involves charity?
What is one of the Five Pillars of Islam that involves charity?
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Which percentage of the world's population is Muslim?
Which percentage of the world's population is Muslim?
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What was the main purpose of the pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam?
What was the main purpose of the pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam?
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What is the greater jihad in Islam primarily concerned with?
What is the greater jihad in Islam primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the basic tenets of Islam?
Which of the following is NOT included in the basic tenets of Islam?
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In which region did Islam originate?
In which region did Islam originate?
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What was a significant factor that allowed Africa to play a key role in globalization during the early modern period?
What was a significant factor that allowed Africa to play a key role in globalization during the early modern period?
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What was Muhammad's approach towards the Meccan army after their defeat?
What was Muhammad's approach towards the Meccan army after their defeat?
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What primarily characterized the climate around the Cape of Good Hope?
What primarily characterized the climate around the Cape of Good Hope?
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Which group of people were primarily involved in agriculture and cattle breeding in Natal?
Which group of people were primarily involved in agriculture and cattle breeding in Natal?
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Which of the following regions is characterized by higher rainfall and arable land?
Which of the following regions is characterized by higher rainfall and arable land?
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What was the primary purpose of the Dutch establishing a outpost at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652?
What was the primary purpose of the Dutch establishing a outpost at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652?
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Which groups of people did the Dutch mainly encounter while expanding into Southern Africa?
Which groups of people did the Dutch mainly encounter while expanding into Southern Africa?
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What effect did the Suez Canal opening have on the importance of the Cape of Good Hope?
What effect did the Suez Canal opening have on the importance of the Cape of Good Hope?
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What was the Dutch's response to the agricultural practices of the Khoisan people?
What was the Dutch's response to the agricultural practices of the Khoisan people?
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Which of the following groups employed initiation ceremonies and age regiments?
Which of the following groups employed initiation ceremonies and age regiments?
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What key factor made the Khoikhoi and San distinct in the eyes of Europeans?
What key factor made the Khoikhoi and San distinct in the eyes of Europeans?
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What significant action did the British take in South Africa in 1807?
What significant action did the British take in South Africa in 1807?
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Study Notes
Early Modern Globalization
- Discovery of the New World spurred exploration and globalization.
- New World led to the rise of empires like Portugal and Spain.
- Portugal and Spain established vast territories while Britain and England controlled key trading centers.
- European influence increased gradually until the 1750s when they achieved dominance through technological advancements.
- Triangular trade in the Atlantic world involved rum, slaves, and sugar.
- European dominance shaped the global economy through mercantilism.
- Europeans profited from the manufacturing and shipping of goods, while the rest of the world provided raw materials and markets.
- The Columbian Exchange involved the exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
- Over 12 million enslaved Africans and migrants moved from the Old World to the New World.
- New diseases introduced in the Americas decimated native populations.
- The trans-Saharan slave trade dominated before the arrival of Europeans.
- The arrival of Europeans shifted trade routes to the western coasts of Africa.
- Africans showed interest in Christianity to acquire guns but European goods were not competitive with African goods.
- The arrival of Europeans created new ethnic identities along the west African coast.
- Central Africa's dense forests and tsetse fly made agriculture difficult and populations small.
- European arrival led to political changes with centralized societies exploiting small communities.
- The Portuguese king of Kongo converted to Christianity to gain favor but the Portuguese failed to convert the Congolese.
- The Swahili people controlled trade along the East African coast.
- The Portuguese dominated the Swahili coast for 200 years, controlling the Zambezi River and the East African interior trade.
- The Oman Empire expelled the Portuguese and controlled the East African coast.
- The British challenged the Omanis due to their involvement in the slave and ivory trade.
- The shift from the trans-Saharan slave trade to the Atlantic slave trade led to a change in trade routes.
- The Oman Empire relocated to East Africa because of its lucrative trade.
Southern Africa
- Bantu speaking groups migrated to Southern Africa during the 17th century.
- Dutch arrived around the same time, establishing a system of segregation based on white supremacy.
- The climate of Southern Africa ranged from deserts to wetter conditions along the Indian Ocean.
- The Cape's Mediterranean climate was well-suited for agriculture.
- The Dutch outpost at the Cape of Good Hope aimed to establish agriculture but were disappointed by the lack of farmers amongst the local Khoisan.
- The Khoisan people lived in decentralized chiefdoms, which allowed the Dutch to subdue them and employ them as slaves.
- The Nguni people, including the Xhosa and Zulus, occupied the southeastern lowlands, known for their agriculture and grazing lands.
- The Sotho and Tswana people lived in the central highlands.
- The Dutch practiced a system of indentured slavery with the Khoisan.
- The Trekboers, Dutch settlers, migrated with their families and slaves, encountering the Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, and Herero communities.
- The British took control of the Cape in 1795 and abolished the slave trade in 1807.
- British introduced indentured servants from India and Asia.
Africa's Role in Early Modern Globalization
- Trade played a crucial role in Africa's involvement in globalization.
- Geographic resources like gold, ivory, and slaves contributed to Africa's position in the global economy.
- Oral history traditions in Africa offer a distinct perspective on the past, challenging the reliance on formal written records.
Islam and Muslim Expansion
- Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula.
- Arabia was home to Bedouin nomads and sedentary agriculturalists.
- Muhammad founded Islam, preaching monotheism and the five pillars of Islam: Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj.
- Jihad is not a pillar of Islam but rather a concept of striving, both internally and externally.
- Muslim armies, despite being smaller, were successful in conquering Mecca.
- Muhammad showed mercy to the defeated Meccan army, contributing to their conversion to Islam.
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Description
This quiz explores the dynamics of early modern globalization, focusing on the discovery of the New World and the rise of empires such as Portugal and Spain. It examines the triangular trade, the Columbian Exchange, and the consequent impacts on economies and demographics. Test your knowledge on how these historical events shaped the modern world.
