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Questions and Answers
What is morality?
What is morality?
What is a moral dilemma?
What is a moral dilemma?
What is the main problem addressed in the Heinz dilemma?
What is the main problem addressed in the Heinz dilemma?
Why did Heinz try to get the drug?
Why did Heinz try to get the drug?
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What did the scientist refuse to do?
What did the scientist refuse to do?
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What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development relate to?
What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development relate to?
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What happens when a person is faced with a moral dilemma?
What happens when a person is faced with a moral dilemma?
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Why is understanding moral development important in early childhood education?
Why is understanding moral development important in early childhood education?
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What was Brown's relation to Heinz?
What was Brown's relation to Heinz?
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Why did Officer Brown report what he saw?
Why did Officer Brown report what he saw?
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What is the maximum prison sentence Heinz faces if convicted?
What is the maximum prison sentence Heinz faces if convicted?
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Who developed the theory of moral development?
Who developed the theory of moral development?
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What is the main focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
What is the main focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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What is the orientation of Stage 1 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
What is the orientation of Stage 1 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
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What is the age range for Stage 2 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
What is the age range for Stage 2 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
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What is the orientation of Stage 3 in Level II Conventional Morality?
What is the orientation of Stage 3 in Level II Conventional Morality?
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What is the primary focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
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At what age can individuals start to develop a Post-Conventional sense of morality, according to Kohlberg?
At what age can individuals start to develop a Post-Conventional sense of morality, according to Kohlberg?
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What percentage of the adult population is estimated to attain the Post-Conventional level of morality, according to Kohlberg?
What percentage of the adult population is estimated to attain the Post-Conventional level of morality, according to Kohlberg?
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What is the primary focus of Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary focus of Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
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What is a key characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is a key characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
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According to Kohlberg, what is the typical level of morality among children?
According to Kohlberg, what is the typical level of morality among children?
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What is a key difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is a key difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
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What is the overall direction of moral development, according to Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the overall direction of moral development, according to Kohlberg's Theory?
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Study Notes
Moral Development
- Morality is understanding the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior, which motivates our behavior.
Moral Dilemma
- A moral dilemma is an ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision, involving conflicts that cause subjects to justify the morality of their choices.
The Heinz Dilemma
- Scenario 1: A woman is ill and needs a drug that costs 4,000,butherhusbandHeinzcanonlyraise4,000, but her husband Heinz can only raise 4,000,butherhusbandHeinzcanonlyraise2,000; should he break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife?
- Scenario 2: Heinz breaks into the laboratory and steals the drug, and a police officer, Brown, who is a friend of Heinz, sees him and has to decide whether to report what he saw.
- Scenario 3: Officer Brown reports what he saw, Heinz is arrested and convicted, and the judge has to decide whether to sentence Heinz to prison.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age, and how we develop a sense of justice and learn to make moral judgments.
Level I Pre-conventional Morality
- Stage 1 (2-3 to 5-6 years old): Punishment-Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they are good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old, or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.
Level II Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7-12 years old): Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
- Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order for its own sake.
Level III Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development (continued)
- According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
- Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
- Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.
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Description
Explore the concept of moral development in early childhood, including Kohlberg's theory and its connection to educational practices. Understand the role of morality in shaping behavior and decision-making.
