Early Childhood Development: Moral Development
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Questions and Answers

What is morality?

  • A subject that is only taught in school
  • Therules set by the government
  • The understanding of the difference between right and wrong, or good and bad behavior (correct)
  • A type of dilemma that requires a person to make a moral decision

    • What is a moral dilemma?

  • A situation where there is a clear right and wrong answer
  • An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision (correct)
  • A type of behavior that is always wrong
  • A situation where morality is not involved

    • What is the main problem addressed in the Heinz dilemma?

  • Why is the drug so expensive?
  • Should Heinz steal the drug for his wife? (correct)
  • How can Heinz borrow money to buy the drug?
  • Should the scientist lower the price of the drug?

    • Why did Heinz try to get the drug?

    <p>To save his wife's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the scientist refuse to do?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development relate to?

    <p>How students' levels of moral development affect their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a person is faced with a moral dilemma?

    <p>They have to justify the morality of their choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding moral development important in early childhood education?

    <p>So children can make good moral decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Brown's relation to Heinz?

    <p>A police officer and a friend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Officer Brown report what he saw?

    <p>Because he was a police officer and it was his duty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum prison sentence Heinz faces if convicted?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the theory of moral development?

    <p>Lawrence Kohlberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

    <p>How to develop a sense of justice and make moral judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of Stage 1 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?

    <p>Punishment – Obedience Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for Stage 2 in Level I Pre-conventional Morality?

    <p>5-7 years old, or up to age 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of Stage 3 in Level II Conventional Morality?

    <p>Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Law and order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can individuals start to develop a Post-Conventional sense of morality, according to Kohlberg?

    <p>12 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adult population is estimated to attain the Post-Conventional level of morality, according to Kohlberg?

    <p>20 to 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Universal ethical principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Laws and social norms as agreements among people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg, what is the typical level of morality among children?

    <p>Pre-Conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Adherence to authority vs. universal moral principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall direction of moral development, according to Kohlberg's Theory?

    <p>From Pre-Conventional to Post-Conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Moral Development

    • Morality is understanding the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior, which motivates our behavior.

    Moral Dilemma

    • A moral dilemma is an ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision, involving conflicts that cause subjects to justify the morality of their choices.

    The Heinz Dilemma

    • Scenario 1: A woman is ill and needs a drug that costs 4,000,butherhusbandHeinzcanonlyraise4,000, but her husband Heinz can only raise 4,000,butherhusbandHeinzcanonlyraise2,000; should he break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife?
    • Scenario 2: Heinz breaks into the laboratory and steals the drug, and a police officer, Brown, who is a friend of Heinz, sees him and has to decide whether to report what he saw.
    • Scenario 3: Officer Brown reports what he saw, Heinz is arrested and convicted, and the judge has to decide whether to sentence Heinz to prison.

    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

    • Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age, and how we develop a sense of justice and learn to make moral judgments.

    Level I Pre-conventional Morality

    • Stage 1 (2-3 to 5-6 years old): Punishment-Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they are good or bad.
    • Stage 2 (5-7 years old, or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.

    Level II Conventional Morality

    • Stage 3 (7-12 years old): Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
    • Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order for its own sake.

    Level III Post-Conventional Morality

    • Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
    • Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.

    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development (continued)

    • According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
    • Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
    • Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.

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    Related Documents

    Topic 6 Moral Development PDF

    Description

    Explore the concept of moral development in early childhood, including Kohlberg's theory and its connection to educational practices. Understand the role of morality in shaping behavior and decision-making.

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