109 Questions
What do theoretical paradigms in sociology represent?
Fundamental assumptions guiding sociologists' thinking and research
How are the three models of society described in the text important?
They offer different perspectives on the social world
What is a paradigm in sociology mainly composed of?
Set of concepts and theories
Why might theoretical paradigms in sociology seem prejudicial at first?
Due to having certain biases in mind
In sociology, what do the three perspectives of society help in understanding?
Different aspects of the social world
What is the primary function of theoretical paradigms in sociology?
Guiding sociologists' research and thinking
According to structural functionalism, society is seen as a complex system where different parts work together to promote what?
Social order and stability
What are manifest functions in structural functionalism?
Obvious consequences of a structure
What is a key criticism of structural functionalism regarding change?
It struggles to explain why change occurs
Which theory imagines society as composed of groups that struggle over scarce resources?
Conflict theory
According to Karl Marx, which was the central conflict in society under capitalism?
Conflict between capitalists and workers
What is a latent function in the context of social structures?
Unintended or unrecognized consequences
Which founder of sociology first proposed the theory of class conflict?
Karl Marx
What is the main reason why the community in the text turns to the gang for help?
They lack support from official sources.
What does the narrator learn about the community while interacting with them?
They have similar traits that transcend racial and social divides.
Why did the narrator become a 'kind of gang leader' for a day according to the text?
To understand the difficulties faced by gang leaders.
What was one of the narrator's observations during the day spent as a gang leader?
Difficult decisions are required even for seemingly minor tasks.
How does the text describe the living conditions of the community that relies on the street gang?
Dependent on illegal sources for basic needs.
What fundamental issue does the text highlight about relying on street gangs for survival?
It creates a detrimental way of life requiring dependence on crime.
What is the main focus of symbolic interactionism?
Analyzing individual social situations and meanings
Which sociologist is credited with first introducing the concept of Verstehen in sociology?
Max Weber
How does symbolic interactionism view reality?
As a product of everyday social interactions
Which sociological perspective focuses on how large structures fit together?
Structural functionalism
Why did street gang members initially hold the speaker hostage in a stairwell?
They thought he was a rival gang member
How did JP, the street gang leader, view the speaker after learning about his background?
As a person who could tell his story to the world
What was the primary reason for JP's return to run the street gang in his neighborhood?
To help his community despite having mainstream experience
How does symbolic interactionism define reality creation through interactions?
By assigning meaning to interactions and objects
What does structural functionalism primarily focus on?
Understanding large structures within society
What distinguishes symbolic interactionism from structural functionalism and conflict theory?
Its emphasis on shared reality creation through interactions
What is the primary purpose of assumptions in sociology according to the text?
To provide multiple perspectives for interpreting raw facts.
What distinguishes macro-level questions in sociology from micro-level questions?
Macro questions consider broad-scale structures.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between macro and micro orientations in sociology?
They are interconnected and impact each other.
Which theoretical paradigm in sociology originated with Emile Durkheim?
Structural functionalism
How do scientific disciplines use different perspectives according to the text?
To ask different types of questions
In sociology, what do assumptions about the social world help in doing?
Making raw facts useful
Why are raw facts considered 'raw' according to the text?
'Raw' because they are simple descriptions of empirical reality
'Is 5% an acceptable unemployment rate?' exemplifies which aspect of sociology discussed in the text?
Use of assumptions to interpret raw facts
What is the main difference between macro and micro questions in sociology?
Macro questions focus on large-scale structures, while micro questions focus on individual interactions.
What term does the text use to describe Newton's feeling of disconnect between her subjective and objective self?
Me
How does Newton find solace and lose herself in a different self?
Dancing and acting
How does the text describe the modern concept of self according to Newton?
Heavily influenced by capitalism and industrialization
What concept in psychology, mentioned in the text, involves a person being fully immersed in an activity with energized focus?
Flow
How does Newton suggest we should address the struggle with self according to the text?
Connect to something larger and embrace common essence
What does the text suggest as a crucial step in overcoming feelings of alienation and developing a positive self-image?
Embracing unique identity and accepting differences
How does the speaker's self differ from the traditional notion of a constant self?
The speaker's self was constantly evolving and being rejected
How does the text describe the speaker's experience growing up as a biracial child in England in the '70s?
Feeling like an anomaly and constantly seeking definition and belonging
How does the speaker's experience relate to the concept of 'the looking glass self'?
The speaker lacked constructive mirrors for self-reflection
What does Newton believe is the primary process through which one forms their self-identity?
Separating from oneness experienced in infancy
What did the speaker realize about their self after noticing a pattern of its destruction and evolution?
The self is constantly evolving and not constant
What role does Sudhir Venkatesh play in the field research on street gangs?
Participant as Observer
What ethical challenge is commonly associated with the Undisclosed Observer role?
Privacy concerns
What did Natalie Purcell find in her content analysis of popular porn movies?
Presence of aggressive and abusive acts
How does Alex describe his struggle with consuming porn over the years?
Like experiencing sober periods with relapses
What has been the trend in the aggressiveness of porn since the 70s?
It has become increasingly more aggressive and humiliating
How does Alex feel about the influence of porn on society?
He advocates for a society not shaped by porn standards
In what decade did Natalie Purcell conduct her content analysis of popular porn movies?
2000s
What approach does the speaker believe is a good start in addressing the issue of porn consumption?
Teaching critical thinking
What positive change did the message received on Instagram mention after quitting porn?
Improved overall well-being
What was the significance of the message received on Instagram to the speaker?
It signaled a major victory in the battle against porn consumption
In what way did the message received on Instagram align with the speaker's goals at Changing Attitudes?
Emphasizing the importance of education on the issue
What did Dr. Valerie Voon's study reveal about compulsive porn users?
They have a stronger urge for porn but not a higher sexual desire.
How does the text describe the impact of pornography on the reward pathway in the brain?
It can hijack the reward pathway and lead to addictive behaviors.
What is one of the proposed strategies to address the impact of pornography?
Including a critical discussion about porn in educational institutions.
What was the father's advice on how to talk to kids about porn, as mentioned in the text?
'Have the conversation while driving your car' as it allows for indirect communication.
What similarity did Dr. Valerie Voon find between compulsive porn users and those addicted to drugs?
Both groups showed similarities on several levels.
How did compulsive porn users differ from healthy volunteers in terms of response to pornography?
Compulsive users showed a stronger response and urge for porn.
What aspect of addiction did Dr. Valerie Voon's study focus on regarding compulsive porn users?
Their similarities on several levels with drug addicts.
What is the primary focus of the study by Anna Bridget’s and associates?
Physical aggression in mainstream porn
Based on the text, what was the unexpected response of individuals to aggression in porn compared to real life?
Neutral or positive reactions
What notable observation did the speaker make regarding teenagers' consumption of pornography?
Their consumption led to unsuccessful attempts to quit
In what way did a child's perception of porn affect a conversation with their parents, as mentioned in the text?
The child thought their parents engaged in similar acts
What did a concerned boyfriend mentioned in the text consider doing as a result of his girlfriend not behaving like actors in porn?
Trying aggressive acts
Why did a guy mentioned in the text feel insecure about his girlfriend's lack of screams and moans like in porn?
'My performance is lacking'
What significant realization did the speaker have about children's exposure to pornography?
They are heavily influenced by it, affecting their self-esteem.
What is one of the main concerns brought up by the speaker regarding the impact of pornography exposure on individuals?
Pressure to conform to unrealistic standards.
What was the outcome of Portugal's War on Drugs in the late 20th century?
Worsening of the heroin epidemic
Why did Portugal face an opioid crisis in the late 20th century?
Because of easy access to heroin after transitioning to democracy
What was the primary reason for Portugal's government to change its approach to combating addiction and drug abuse?
Ineffectiveness of the War on Drugs strategy
Why did half of Portugal's inmates end up incarcerated for drug-related reasons by the late 1990s?
As a result of strict punishments for drug use and possession
What effect did Portugal's open economy have on the country's drug situation?
Led to an influx of drugs
How did Portugal's opioid crisis compare to the current situation in the U.S regarding addiction rates?
Portugal had more than double the addiction rate of the U.S
What was a major change brought about by Portugal's new National Drug Strategy in 2001?
Decriminalization of all illegal substances
What is the role of dissuasion committees in Portugal's approach to drug addiction?
Dissuading individuals from drug habits
What is a key aspect of Portugal's drug strategy that could serve as inspiration for other countries like the U.S.?
Decriminalizing all illegal substances
What was one of the measures to combat the growing HIV epidemic among drug users in Portugal?
Distributing clean needles
What was a consequence of Portugal's new National Drug Strategy in terms of overdose deaths?
Significant reduction in overdose deaths
Who typically made up Portugal's dissuasion committees to deal with drug offenders?
Local psychiatrist, social worker, and attorney
What was a significant challenge the U.S. faced in adopting a strategy similar to Portugal's?
A more business-oriented approach to addiction treatment
Which factor contributed to making people more willing to seek help for addiction in Portugal?
"Removing the threat of criminal offense"
What does the text suggest about the origins of Canadian society?
They are rooted in systemic discrimination.
How does the text characterize systemic racism in Canada?
It is a normalizing force that is pervasive.
What did Commissioner Brenda Lucki initially struggle with according to the text?
Understanding the concept of systemic racism.
What historical events do both Canada and the U.S. share according to the text?
Attempts at genocide on Indigenous peoples.
What is highlighted as a common myth in comparing Canada to the U.S. in the text?
Canada is fundamentally different from the U.S.
What was Jagmeet Singh criticized for by the Bloc's leader?
Refusing to apologize for his actions
How does the text describe systemic racism in Canada?
Permeates all aspects of society.
What is emphasized as a necessary action to combat racism according to the text?
Calling out and naming racist behaviors
Why does the text criticize performative gestures like 'taking a knee'?
They distract from addressing real issues
Why is silence equated with violence in combating racism?
Silence demonstrates acceptance of racist behavior
What did the text suggest as a meaningful way for individuals to contribute towards combating racism?
Writing to education boards for curriculum changes
How does the text advocate for addressing racism on a larger scale beyond symbolism?
Through systemic changes in policies and practices
What was the historical purpose of the RCMP in Canada, specifically on the Prairies?
To suppress Indigenous dissent
Why did many Black people return to the U.S. after the Civil War?
Conditions in the U.S. were as bad as on the other side of the border
What is one of the main concerns raised about policing in Canada from the text?
Brutalizing and killing Black and Indigenous people
What does defunding the police aim to achieve according to the text?
Reevaluate existing structures and appropriateness of policing
Why do Black and Indigenous people make up a disproportionately high percentage of the federal prison population in Canada?
Institutional racism and historical injustices
What was the primary historical reason for the emergence of police forces in relation to slavery in the U.S.?
To catch enslaved people who ran away
What does the text suggest is a better approach to handling interpersonal conflicts than involving the police?
Communities dealing with conflicts using available resources
What is a key issue raised about the relationship between society and policing in Canada from the text?
'Paying for police officers to brutalize and kill at disproportionate rates'
Explore the concept of society as an organism through Durkheim's structural functionalist perspective. Learn how society's different parts work together to maintain stability and order, and understand deviations as malfunctions in the system.
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