Durkheim's Structural Functionalism Theory

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Questions and Answers

What do theoretical paradigms in sociology represent?

  • Fundamental assumptions guiding sociologists' thinking and research (correct)
  • Historical events shaping societal structures
  • Biases towards specific groups within society
  • Model for how different societies interact

How are the three models of society described in the text important?

  • They predict future societal trends
  • They represent historical civilizations
  • They enforce strict societal norms
  • They offer different perspectives on the social world (correct)

What is a paradigm in sociology mainly composed of?

  • Set of concepts and theories (correct)
  • Linguistic patterns
  • Historical events timeline
  • Political ideologies

Why might theoretical paradigms in sociology seem prejudicial at first?

<p>Due to having certain biases in mind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sociology, what do the three perspectives of society help in understanding?

<p>Different aspects of the social world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of theoretical paradigms in sociology?

<p>Guiding sociologists' research and thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to structural functionalism, society is seen as a complex system where different parts work together to promote what?

<p>Social order and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are manifest functions in structural functionalism?

<p>Obvious consequences of a structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criticism of structural functionalism regarding change?

<p>It struggles to explain why change occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory imagines society as composed of groups that struggle over scarce resources?

<p>Conflict theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Marx, which was the central conflict in society under capitalism?

<p>Conflict between capitalists and workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a latent function in the context of social structures?

<p>Unintended or unrecognized consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which founder of sociology first proposed the theory of class conflict?

<p>Karl Marx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the community in the text turns to the gang for help?

<p>They lack support from official sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the narrator learn about the community while interacting with them?

<p>They have similar traits that transcend racial and social divides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the narrator become a 'kind of gang leader' for a day according to the text?

<p>To understand the difficulties faced by gang leaders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the narrator's observations during the day spent as a gang leader?

<p>Difficult decisions are required even for seemingly minor tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the living conditions of the community that relies on the street gang?

<p>Dependent on illegal sources for basic needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental issue does the text highlight about relying on street gangs for survival?

<p>It creates a detrimental way of life requiring dependence on crime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of symbolic interactionism?

<p>Analyzing individual social situations and meanings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist is credited with first introducing the concept of Verstehen in sociology?

<p>Max Weber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does symbolic interactionism view reality?

<p>As a product of everyday social interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological perspective focuses on how large structures fit together?

<p>Structural functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did street gang members initially hold the speaker hostage in a stairwell?

<p>They thought he was a rival gang member (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did JP, the street gang leader, view the speaker after learning about his background?

<p>As a person who could tell his story to the world (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for JP's return to run the street gang in his neighborhood?

<p>To help his community despite having mainstream experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does symbolic interactionism define reality creation through interactions?

<p>By assigning meaning to interactions and objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does structural functionalism primarily focus on?

<p>Understanding large structures within society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes symbolic interactionism from structural functionalism and conflict theory?

<p>Its emphasis on shared reality creation through interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assumptions in sociology according to the text?

<p>To provide multiple perspectives for interpreting raw facts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes macro-level questions in sociology from micro-level questions?

<p>Macro questions consider broad-scale structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between macro and micro orientations in sociology?

<p>They are interconnected and impact each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical paradigm in sociology originated with Emile Durkheim?

<p>Structural functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do scientific disciplines use different perspectives according to the text?

<p>To ask different types of questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sociology, what do assumptions about the social world help in doing?

<p>Making raw facts useful (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are raw facts considered 'raw' according to the text?

<p>'Raw' because they are simple descriptions of empirical reality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Is 5% an acceptable unemployment rate?' exemplifies which aspect of sociology discussed in the text?

<p>Use of assumptions to interpret raw facts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between macro and micro questions in sociology?

<p>Macro questions focus on large-scale structures, while micro questions focus on individual interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term does the text use to describe Newton's feeling of disconnect between her subjective and objective self?

<p>Me (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Newton find solace and lose herself in a different self?

<p>Dancing and acting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the modern concept of self according to Newton?

<p>Heavily influenced by capitalism and industrialization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept in psychology, mentioned in the text, involves a person being fully immersed in an activity with energized focus?

<p>Flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Newton suggest we should address the struggle with self according to the text?

<p>Connect to something larger and embrace common essence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest as a crucial step in overcoming feelings of alienation and developing a positive self-image?

<p>Embracing unique identity and accepting differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the speaker's self differ from the traditional notion of a constant self?

<p>The speaker's self was constantly evolving and being rejected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the speaker's experience growing up as a biracial child in England in the '70s?

<p>Feeling like an anomaly and constantly seeking definition and belonging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the speaker's experience relate to the concept of 'the looking glass self'?

<p>The speaker lacked constructive mirrors for self-reflection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton believe is the primary process through which one forms their self-identity?

<p>Separating from oneness experienced in infancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the speaker realize about their self after noticing a pattern of its destruction and evolution?

<p>The self is constantly evolving and not constant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Sudhir Venkatesh play in the field research on street gangs?

<p>Participant as Observer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical challenge is commonly associated with the Undisclosed Observer role?

<p>Privacy concerns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Natalie Purcell find in her content analysis of popular porn movies?

<p>Presence of aggressive and abusive acts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Alex describe his struggle with consuming porn over the years?

<p>Like experiencing sober periods with relapses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in the aggressiveness of porn since the 70s?

<p>It has become increasingly more aggressive and humiliating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Alex feel about the influence of porn on society?

<p>He advocates for a society not shaped by porn standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what decade did Natalie Purcell conduct her content analysis of popular porn movies?

<p>2000s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the speaker believe is a good start in addressing the issue of porn consumption?

<p>Teaching critical thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What positive change did the message received on Instagram mention after quitting porn?

<p>Improved overall well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the message received on Instagram to the speaker?

<p>It signaled a major victory in the battle against porn consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the message received on Instagram align with the speaker's goals at Changing Attitudes?

<p>Emphasizing the importance of education on the issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Dr. Valerie Voon's study reveal about compulsive porn users?

<p>They have a stronger urge for porn but not a higher sexual desire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the impact of pornography on the reward pathway in the brain?

<p>It can hijack the reward pathway and lead to addictive behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the proposed strategies to address the impact of pornography?

<p>Including a critical discussion about porn in educational institutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the father's advice on how to talk to kids about porn, as mentioned in the text?

<p>'Have the conversation while driving your car' as it allows for indirect communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What similarity did Dr. Valerie Voon find between compulsive porn users and those addicted to drugs?

<p>Both groups showed similarities on several levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did compulsive porn users differ from healthy volunteers in terms of response to pornography?

<p>Compulsive users showed a stronger response and urge for porn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of addiction did Dr. Valerie Voon's study focus on regarding compulsive porn users?

<p>Their similarities on several levels with drug addicts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study by Anna Bridget’s and associates?

<p>Physical aggression in mainstream porn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what was the unexpected response of individuals to aggression in porn compared to real life?

<p>Neutral or positive reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable observation did the speaker make regarding teenagers' consumption of pornography?

<p>Their consumption led to unsuccessful attempts to quit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did a child's perception of porn affect a conversation with their parents, as mentioned in the text?

<p>The child thought their parents engaged in similar acts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did a concerned boyfriend mentioned in the text consider doing as a result of his girlfriend not behaving like actors in porn?

<p>Trying aggressive acts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did a guy mentioned in the text feel insecure about his girlfriend's lack of screams and moans like in porn?

<p>'My performance is lacking' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant realization did the speaker have about children's exposure to pornography?

<p>They are heavily influenced by it, affecting their self-esteem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main concerns brought up by the speaker regarding the impact of pornography exposure on individuals?

<p>Pressure to conform to unrealistic standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Portugal's War on Drugs in the late 20th century?

<p>Worsening of the heroin epidemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Portugal face an opioid crisis in the late 20th century?

<p>Because of easy access to heroin after transitioning to democracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Portugal's government to change its approach to combating addiction and drug abuse?

<p>Ineffectiveness of the War on Drugs strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did half of Portugal's inmates end up incarcerated for drug-related reasons by the late 1990s?

<p>As a result of strict punishments for drug use and possession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Portugal's open economy have on the country's drug situation?

<p>Led to an influx of drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Portugal's opioid crisis compare to the current situation in the U.S regarding addiction rates?

<p>Portugal had more than double the addiction rate of the U.S (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major change brought about by Portugal's new National Drug Strategy in 2001?

<p>Decriminalization of all illegal substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dissuasion committees in Portugal's approach to drug addiction?

<p>Dissuading individuals from drug habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Portugal's drug strategy that could serve as inspiration for other countries like the U.S.?

<p>Decriminalizing all illegal substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the measures to combat the growing HIV epidemic among drug users in Portugal?

<p>Distributing clean needles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Portugal's new National Drug Strategy in terms of overdose deaths?

<p>Significant reduction in overdose deaths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who typically made up Portugal's dissuasion committees to deal with drug offenders?

<p>Local psychiatrist, social worker, and attorney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge the U.S. faced in adopting a strategy similar to Portugal's?

<p>A more business-oriented approach to addiction treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to making people more willing to seek help for addiction in Portugal?

<p>&quot;Removing the threat of criminal offense&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the origins of Canadian society?

<p>They are rooted in systemic discrimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text characterize systemic racism in Canada?

<p>It is a normalizing force that is pervasive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Commissioner Brenda Lucki initially struggle with according to the text?

<p>Understanding the concept of systemic racism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical events do both Canada and the U.S. share according to the text?

<p>Attempts at genocide on Indigenous peoples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a common myth in comparing Canada to the U.S. in the text?

<p>Canada is fundamentally different from the U.S. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Jagmeet Singh criticized for by the Bloc's leader?

<p>Refusing to apologize for his actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe systemic racism in Canada?

<p>Permeates all aspects of society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a necessary action to combat racism according to the text?

<p>Calling out and naming racist behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text criticize performative gestures like 'taking a knee'?

<p>They distract from addressing real issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is silence equated with violence in combating racism?

<p>Silence demonstrates acceptance of racist behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the text suggest as a meaningful way for individuals to contribute towards combating racism?

<p>Writing to education boards for curriculum changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text advocate for addressing racism on a larger scale beyond symbolism?

<p>Through systemic changes in policies and practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the historical purpose of the RCMP in Canada, specifically on the Prairies?

<p>To suppress Indigenous dissent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Black people return to the U.S. after the Civil War?

<p>Conditions in the U.S. were as bad as on the other side of the border (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main concerns raised about policing in Canada from the text?

<p>Brutalizing and killing Black and Indigenous people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does defunding the police aim to achieve according to the text?

<p>Reevaluate existing structures and appropriateness of policing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Black and Indigenous people make up a disproportionately high percentage of the federal prison population in Canada?

<p>Institutional racism and historical injustices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary historical reason for the emergence of police forces in relation to slavery in the U.S.?

<p>To catch enslaved people who ran away (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is a better approach to handling interpersonal conflicts than involving the police?

<p>Communities dealing with conflicts using available resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key issue raised about the relationship between society and policing in Canada from the text?

<p>'Paying for police officers to brutalize and kill at disproportionate rates' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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