12 Questions
What is the definition of social structure?
A general pattern of social behaviour and organization that persists through time
According to Durkheim, what are the two central components of social solidarity?
Collective conscience and high levels of social integration
What are the characteristics of Mechanical Solidarity in pre-industrial society?
Low division of labour, common religious system of social beliefs, and low degree of individual autonomy
What was Émile Durkheim's focus during the 19th century?
Re-establishing cohesion in society
What evidence indicates the religious focus in prehistoric Europe from 7000 to 3500 BCE?
Female deities and fertility
How was family kinship traced during the prehistoric period?
Through matrilineal (female) descent
What conditions allowed for the development of class divisions and power structures in early agrarian and pastoral societies?
Food surpluses
According to Friedrich Engels, what was the origin of the male-dominated monogamous family?
The development of private property
What is androcentricism?
Androcentricism is a perspective in which male concerns, attitudes, and practices are presented as 'normal' or define what is significant and valued in a culture, while ignoring, devaluing, or marginalizing women’s experiences, activities, and contributions to society and history.
What was the gendered division of labor in hunter-gatherer societies?
In hunter-gatherer societies, men were most frequently the hunters, while women were the gatherers and child care providers, with women's gathering accounting for up to 80% of the food.
How was leadership structured in hunter-gatherer societies?
In hunter-gatherer societies, leadership was informal and based on influence rather than institutional power, with headmen leading tribal life.
Why were Durkheim’s, Marx’s, and Weber’s main themes of analysis considered androcentric?
Their main themes of analysis were considered androcentric because they focused on male concerns, attitudes, and practices, while ignoring, devaluing, or marginalizing women’s experiences, activities, and contributions to society and history.
Test your knowledge on Émile Durkheim's functionalist perspective on social structures and his ideas for re-establishing cohesion in society during times of change and threat of dissolution.
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