Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of structural functionalism?
What is the primary focus of structural functionalism?
- To examine the individual interactions that create society
- To critique societal norms and values
- To analyze class conflict and social change
- To promote stability and social order within society (correct)
Which of the following describes a manifest function of schooling?
Which of the following describes a manifest function of schooling?
- To educate students on various subjects (correct)
- To develop hidden social skills
- To reinforce societal norms
- To establish social networks among students
In conflict theory, what is seen as a fundamental driver of societal dynamics?
In conflict theory, what is seen as a fundamental driver of societal dynamics?
- The struggle over resources and power (correct)
- Collaboration among social groups
- The pursuit of individual happiness
- The peaceful coexistence of different classes
How does symbolic interactionism differ from structural functionalism?
How does symbolic interactionism differ from structural functionalism?
In the context of sociology, what does the term 'dysfunctions' refer to?
In the context of sociology, what does the term 'dysfunctions' refer to?
According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what encompasses 'nurture'?
According to the nature vs. nurture debate, what encompasses 'nurture'?
Which theory examines disparity and tension specifically between racial and ethnic groups?
Which theory examines disparity and tension specifically between racial and ethnic groups?
What aspect of human behavior does symbolic interactionism primarily emphasize?
What aspect of human behavior does symbolic interactionism primarily emphasize?
Which primary agent of socialization significantly influences early norms and values?
Which primary agent of socialization significantly influences early norms and values?
What term describes the phenomenon where group pressure leads individuals to conform to incorrect group opinions?
What term describes the phenomenon where group pressure leads individuals to conform to incorrect group opinions?
What does the term 'deindividuation' refer to in social psychology?
What does the term 'deindividuation' refer to in social psychology?
Which of these concepts is described by the tendency to exert less effort in group tasks compared to working alone?
Which of these concepts is described by the tendency to exert less effort in group tasks compared to working alone?
Which principle suggests that aggression is often a result of frustration?
Which principle suggests that aggression is often a result of frustration?
What describes the psychological discomfort experienced when one's beliefs conflict with their behaviors?
What describes the psychological discomfort experienced when one's beliefs conflict with their behaviors?
What concept describes the behavior or actions that stem from prejudice?
What concept describes the behavior or actions that stem from prejudice?
Which phenomenon involves the suppression of dissenting opinions to maintain group consensus?
Which phenomenon involves the suppression of dissenting opinions to maintain group consensus?
In Milgram's Obedience Experiment, what was primarily demonstrated about individuals?
In Milgram's Obedience Experiment, what was primarily demonstrated about individuals?
What is the common error when observers analyze another's behaviors by emphasizing personality over situational factors?
What is the common error when observers analyze another's behaviors by emphasizing personality over situational factors?
Flashcards
Structural Functionalism
Structural Functionalism
A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system, with interconnected parts working together to maintain stability and order.
Manifest Function
Manifest Function
The intended and obvious purpose of a social institution or action.
Latent Function
Latent Function
The unintended and often hidden consequences of a social institution or action.
Conflict Theory
Conflict Theory
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Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionism
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Micro Level
Micro Level
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Macro Level
Macro Level
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Socialization
Socialization
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Conformity
Conformity
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Obedience
Obedience
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Deindividuation
Deindividuation
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Groupthink
Groupthink
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Social Loafing
Social Loafing
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Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
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Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
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Social Psychology
Social Psychology
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Study Notes
Structural Functionalism (Macro) - Emile Durkheim
- Society operates like a complex machine, with parts working together for stability and order.
- This perspective views society as inherently functional and beneficial.
- It emphasizes stability and the harmonious integration of social elements.
- Focuses on manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) functions of social institutions (e.g., education).
- Believes humans naturally seek peace and stability.
- Accepts inequality as a natural characteristic of society.
- Dysfunctions are viewed as disruptions that threaten stability.
- Doesn’t favor change.
- Competition for resources (food, land, power, money, status) is normal.
Conflict Theory (Macro) - Karl Marx
- Human nature is inherently violent.
- Society is characterized by significant ongoing change.
- Society consists of different classes shaped by relationships to production (factories, resources).
- Conflict arises due to competing interests between classes.
- A theory focused on the disparity and tension between people of different racial or ethnic groups.
- A theory typically classifying men as the dominant group and women as the subordinate group.
- Competition for resources (food, land, power, money, status) is a central feature driving social change.
Symbolic Interactionism (Micro) - Max Weber
- Individuals shape society through interactions.
- Interactions involving gestures, language, and social norms are key.
- Focuses on how individuals interpret and interact with their world.
Micro vs. Macro
- Micro-level analysis examines interactions between individuals and small groups.
- Macro-level analysis examines broad social structures and societal processes.
Significance of Language and Language Development
- Language is vital for socialization and communication.
- Language development fosters understanding of social norms and cultural practices
Nature vs. Nurture in Sociology
- Nature refers to genetics and inherited traits.
- Nurture refers to upbringing and environment.
- Human behavior is a complex interplay of both nature and nurture.
Socialization
- Socialization is the process of learning societal norms, beliefs, and values.
- Key agents of socialization include family, peers, and schools.
Group Behavior and Social Influence
- Conformity: Adjusting behavior to fit group expectations.
- Obedience: Complying with authority demands.
- Mimicry: Copying others’ actions.
- Deindividuation: Loss of self-awareness in groups.
- Groupthink: Poor decision-making due to consensus pressures.
- Social loafing: Reduced effort in groups.
- Social facilitation: Improved performance on simple tasks with others present.
- Frustration-Aggression Principle: links frustration to aggression.
Cognitive and Social Biases
- Social psychology: Examining how situations influence behavior.
- Foot-in-the-door phenomenon: A persuasive technique.
- Fundamental attribution error: Overestimating personal factors in others' behavior.
- Cognitive dissonance: Discomfort from inconsistent attitudes or behaviors.
Key Sociologists and Theories
- Asch's Conformity Experiment: Demonstrated the power of group pressure.
- Milgram's Obedience Experiment: Highlighted the power of authority figures.
- Cooley's Looking-Glass Self: Concept of self-perception influenced by how we believe others perceive us.
Prejudice & Discrimination
- Prejudice: Negative attitudes based on group membership.
- Discrimination: Unequal treatment rooted in prejudice.
- Sociologically, prejudice and discrimination are often systemic, stemming from power structures and historical inequalities.
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