Duodenum and Pancreas Anatomy & Function

A patient presents with splenomegaly and suspected portal hypertension. Which of the following venous changes is most likely observed due to the backflow of blood?

Following a blunt abdominal trauma, a CT angiogram reveals a non-homogenous and patchy appearance of the spleen. This finding is most indicative of which condition?

A surgeon is planning a procedure involving the celiac trunk. Which of the following arteries represents the largest branch originating directly from the celiac trunk that supplies the spleen?

A patient is diagnosed with a splenic injury following a car accident. What is the most likely mechanism of injury, given the spleen's anatomical location and common injury patterns?

During an exploratory laparotomy, a surgeon identifies significant damage to the splenic vein near the tail of the pancreas. What is the most critical anatomical relationship to consider during repair to avoid further complications?

A patient presents with a blocked splenic artery. Which of the following organs is most likely to be directly affected by this blockage?

Which of the following describes the path of blood flow to the greater curvature of the stomach?

If a surgeon needs to access the posterior wall of the stomach, which major arteries must they be careful to avoid damaging?

A doctor discovers a tumor is restricting blood flow through the hepatic portal vein. This would directly impact blood flow from which organs?

Which of the following vessel pairings supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Which characteristic best describes the primary difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs?

During a surgical procedure, a surgeon identifies an organ plastered to the abdominal wall. Based on this characteristic, the organ is likely:

Following a traumatic injury to the abdomen, a patient presents with significant bleeding into the intraperitoneal cavity. Which of the following organs is the most likely source of the hemorrhage?

A surgeon is preparing to perform a cholecystectomy. What anatomical structure must be carefully identified and avoided to prevent complications?

Why might injuries to retroperitoneal organs lead to less intraperitoneal bleeding compared to injuries of intraperitoneal organs?

The portal vein delivers nutrients absorbed in the small intestine to which organ?

The first segment of the duodenum is suspended by which of the following structures?

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor in the third part of the duodenum. Due to its location, what is a typical characteristic of tumors or injuries involving this section of the duodenum?

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the majority of the pancreas's mass?

If a patient has a tumor affecting the alpha cells in their pancreas, which of the following hormonal imbalances would you most likely observe?

The minor pancreatic duct of Santorini primarily drains which part of the pancreas?

A patient presents with a blockage at the duodenojejunal flexure. Which structure is most likely affected due to its role in suspending this section of the duodenum?

If a patient is unable to properly emulsify fats due to a deficiency in bile, which of the following organs is most likely to be dysfunctional?

During pancreatic development, the common bile duct and the major pancreatic duct typically fuse to empty into which structure?

Pancreas divisum, a developmental anomaly, occurs when:

A surgeon is planning to resect a portion of the duodenum. Understanding the duodenum's blood supply is crucial. Which major artery, branching directly from the aorta, primarily supplies the foregut, and therefore, a significant part of the duodenum?

During a medical procedure, a section of the duodenum is described as lying in the retroperitoneum. Which segment of the duodenum is NOT located in the retroperitoneum?

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the portal triad?

A surgeon needs to access the lesser sac (omental bursa). Through which opening would they typically enter?

If the pancreatic duct is blocked, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

If a patient has a blockage in the minor papilla, it would most directly affect drainage from which structure?

A patient is experiencing difficulty absorbing monosaccharides and amino acids. Which cells, located in the duodenum, are most likely malfunctioning?

A patient presents with a condition affecting the duodenum. Which of the following processes is least likely to be directly affected?

A doctor explains to a patient that their duodenum is approximately '12-finger breadths' in length. Approximately how long is the duodenum in centimeters?

A patient presents with blunt trauma following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following best describes the typical consequence of a ruptured spleen?

Polysplenia is characterized by which of the following conditions?

What is the most common location for an accessory spleen?

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with an accessory spleen during a routine check-up. Which associated vascular anomaly is most likely to be present?

To which group of lymph nodes does the spleen's lymphatic drainage primarily flow?

Which plexus provides the primary innervation to the spleen, and what is its main function?

A patient who has suffered trauma to the left side of their body is suspected of having a splenic injury. Fractures of which ribs would most strongly suggest damage to the spleen?

Following a fall from a significant height resulting in fractures of the left 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs, a patient exhibits signs of internal bleeding. Why is the spleen particularly vulnerable in this scenario?

Duodenum

Pancreatic Duct

Exocrine Function of Pancreas

Bile Secretion

Retroperitoneal

Intraperitoneal

Absorption in Duodenum

Duodenojejunal Flexure

Splenomegaly

Celiac Trunk

Splenic Vein

Ruptured Spleen

Portal Hypertension

Descending Segment

Intraperitoneal Organs

Retroperitoneal Organs

Clinical Significance of Intraperitoneal Injury

Clinical Significance of Retroperitoneal Injury

Superior Segment (1st part of Duodenum)

Portal Triad

Hepatic Portal Vein

Function of Pancreas

Endocrine Function

Alpha Cells

Beta Cells

Delta Cells

Minor Pancreatic Duct

Pancreas Divisum

Lesser Sac

Left Gastric Artery

Gastro-omental Artery

Splenic Artery

Blunt Trauma

Polysplenia

Accessory Spleen

Splenic Injury

Hilum Lymph Drainage

Celiac Plexus

Spleen Function

IVC Interruption