Dual Process Theories Overview

<p>It causes frequent activation of certain concepts to influence behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpreting stimuli as opposite to the activated category. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It grabs attention faster than averted gaze. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using holistic processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It makes perceiving familiar faces harder when they are inverted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm, naive, and less dominant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing mental processes into automatic and controlled categories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three-Stage Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uniqueness of a stimulus in its context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heuristic-Systematic Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They judged targets more positively after White primes than Black primes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimuli that are emotionally interesting and imagery-provoking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recently activated concepts are more readily available. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The automatic processes involved are unaffected by warnings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation and Opportunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The automatic activation of stereotypes and effortful rejection of biases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants may not admit or even realize they hold certain implicit attitudes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is when exposure to one stimulus influences interpretations of subsequent stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rapid, preventing thorough examination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributing an emotional reaction to an incorrect external source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention determines what external stimuli become internal representations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process Dissociation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mistaking personal emotional discomfort for external conflict. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reveals the susceptibility of individuals to unintentional biases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate how emotional reactions from a prime affect judgments of a target. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direction and intensity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It replaces the need for explicit self-reports. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unintended projection of feelings from a prime onto a target. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misattribution occurs even when participants are warned to avoid bias. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priming effects were strong and resistant to warnings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack new empirical predictions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bias-reduction strategies addressing societal issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of transforming an external stimulus into an internal representation.

Whatever occupies your focus or consciousness. It is selective and involves effort.

Quick, automatic evaluations that are difficult to control.

The idea that even explicit warnings to avoid bias do not stop the effects of priming.

Implicit attitudes that participants might not admit or even realize they hold.

Judgments are made very quickly, preventing deliberate thought.

Participants are often unaware that their judgments are influenced by the prime.

A test that measures implicit attitudes and preferences.

Mistaking the source of an emotional reaction. For example, feeling tense due to a loud noise but attributing it to the people around you.

A type of misattribution where the source of an emotional reaction is within oneself, but the reaction is attributed externally. For example, feeling nervous and assuming someone else is upset with you.

A basic emotional reaction (pleasant or unpleasant).

A stimulus designed to elicit a positive or negative emotional reaction. For example, showing a happy or sad image before a target.

A neutral, ambiguous stimulus presented after the prime. It is typically abstract and doesn't evoke strong emotions. For example, a Chinese pictograph or an abstract symbol.

The emotional impact of the prime gets "projected" onto the target. For example, seeing a happy face before a neutral image may make the image seem more pleasant.

The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is a research method used to study implicit attitudes. It assumes that participants unintentionally project their feelings from the prime onto the target.

The ability of the AMP to measure attitudes and emotions without using direct questions or self-reports.

Activating specific concepts or ideas in memory, making them more accessible and influencing subsequent thoughts and behaviors.

The extent to which a concept is readily available in your mind, influenced by recent experience, frequency of use, or personal significance.

Interpreting a stimulus in a way that aligns with the currently activated concept.

Interpreting a stimulus in a way that contrasts with the currently activated concept.

Mental processes are categorized into automatic (quick, unconscious) and controlled (deliberate, effortful) modes of thought.

These models explore how stereotypes or general information can influence initial impressions but be overridden by specific details with cognitive effort.

These models examine how people infer the reasons behind others' actions, including biases like the 'fundamental attribution error'.

The ELM and HSM models explain when people rely on superficial cues (automatic) or delve into in-depth argument analysis (controlled) when being persuaded.

The MODE model examines how motivation and opportunity influence whether our attitudes guide behavior automatically or through conscious deliberation.

This model emphasizes the automatic activation of stereotypes and the effortful need to reject prejudiced beliefs.

This model, often used for tasks with competing influences, quantifies the interaction between automatic and controlled processes.

System 1 is intuitive, fast, and automatic, while System 2 is logical, slower, and deliberate, often monitoring or adjusting System 1.

Our brains automatically notice and pay attention to faces, making them central to social interaction.

Direct eye contact captures our attention faster than someone looking away.

Seeing someone look away also makes us pay attention - we follow their gaze to see what they're looking at.

We perceive faces as a complete unit, not just separate parts like eyes or a nose. This makes it difficult to recognize inverted faces.

We quickly make judgments about someone's personality based on their facial expressions, even if we don't realize it.

Features like large eyes and a small nose are associated with being perceived as warm, harmless, and less dominant.

Something stands out because it's different from its surroundings. For example, being the only woman in a group of men.