DTL 507 Evidence Informed Practice Overview
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Questions and Answers

What do you think are the components that comprise the dental knowledge base?

The components of the dental knowledge base include the age of the expert, the age of professionalization, the age of science, and the age of evidence.

The "age of the expert" is the most recent phase in the evolution of dental knowledge.

False

Systematic reviews are always considered more trustworthy than a single person's opinion on a subject.

True

Evidence-based practice implies that research findings always provide the "best answer" in all clinical situations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evidence-informed practice recognizes that research may not be available for every situation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Archie Cochrane and what did he advocate for?

<p>Archie Cochrane was a Scottish physician who advocated for the systematic application of scientific methods, particularly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of medical treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is David Sackett and what term did he create?

<p>David Sackett was a Canadian physician who created the term &quot;evidence-based medicine.&quot; His work emphasized the use of research findings to guide clinical decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Evidence Informed Decision Making (EIDM) model?

<p>Governmental policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bias is the existence of factors or processes that can influence the results or conclusions of a trial.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Validity refers to the extent to which the evidence accurately reflects what is true, and provides an essential characteristic of evidence.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

All types of research evidence are created equal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a systematic review?

<p>The purpose of a systematic review is to synthesize all available evidence on a specific clinical question. It is used to systematically identify all relevant literature, critically appraise the studies, evaluate the data, and develop conclusions, which then can be used to inform clinical decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of using a systematic review?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

The PICO model is a framework for converting information needs into a clinical question that can be answered.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of PICO?

<p>Results (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Evidence-Based practice and Evidence-Informed practice?

<p>Evidence-based practice emphasizes the use of research findings as the primary source of information to inform clinical decisions, while evidence-informed practice takes a broader perspective. It acknowledges the importance of research but also recognizes that clinical judgment, patient values, and other factors are crucial in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Introduction

  • Course name: DTL 507 Evidence Informed Practice
  • Instructor: Prof. Carmen Clayton
  • Instructor contact: [email protected]
  • Course resources:
    • Forrest JL. (2018) Evidence-based decision making: introduction and formulating good clinical questions. dentalcare.com; 2018. Posted on Blackboard
    • Frantsve-Hawley, J. (2014). Evidenced-Based Dentistry for the Dental Hygienist. Chicago, Illinois: Quintessence Publishing Co.

Course Assessments

  • Comprehensive Final Exam: 40%, Dec 9-13
  • Assignments: 60%
    • Reading Research: 5%
    • Reflective Practice (LEARN): 10%
    • Major Assignment - Evidence Informed Practice: 45%
      • Part A - PICO question: 10%
      • Part B - Literature review & discussion: 30%
      • Part C - Group Presentations: 5%

Reading Research Assignment

  • Format: Individual or pairs
  • Tasks:
    • Read the assigned article(s)
    • Complete the provided chart that is structured around the article, focusing on elements like study purpose, variables, study type, population description, methods, data analysis, findings, significance and limitations.

Major Assignment - Evidence-Informed Practice

  • Tasks:
    • Identify a relevant dental hygiene issue and formulate a clinical question.
    • Locate and review research evidence related to the issue.
    • Synthesize the evidence and discuss the conclusions.
    • Evaluate the significance of the conclusions for the profession.
    • Share findings through a presentation and handout.

Course Description

  • Course builds on a basic knowledge of statistics related to health research.
  • Students will examine research application in professional practice.
  • Students will critically evaluate scientific articles.
  • Students will make evidence-based clinical decisions.
  • Students will disseminate information orally and in writing.

Why Evidence-Informed Practice?

  • Dental hygienists use current information for client care decisions.
  • Analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating new knowledge is required before application to practice
  • Applying evidence requires consulting multiple resources, verifying their credibility.
  • Evidence-based decision-making helps analyze information and current practice.
  • New knowledge, services, and technology should be integrated into practice after critical review.

Components of Dental Knowledge Base

  • Evolution of the field is presented as a series of ages, from expert to professionalism to science to evidence.

Concepts of "Evidence"

  • Evolution of "Evidence" concepts (e.g., experiential knowledge, protocol-based experimentation, expert opinion, systematic reviews, RCTs, textbooks).

Evidence-Based vs. Evidence-Informed

  • Evidence-Based: Research findings are the primary source.
  • Evidence-Informed: Recognizes the importance of values, resource availability, and clinical expertise alongside research.

Principle Drivers of Evidence-Based Movement

  • Archie Cochrane: Advocated using scientific methods (especially RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatments.
  • Cochrane Collaboration: An international network preparing systematic reviews on various topics.
  • David Sackett: Developed the concept of evidence-based medicine.

Evidence-Informed Decision Making

  • Importance of integrating scientific evidence, clinician expertise, and patient needs/preferences.

Is All Evidence Created Equal?

  • No. The selection process for subjects influences the evidence.

Best Evidence

  • Validity: the accuracy of reflecting the truth.
  • Bias: factors or processes that influence results or conclusions.
  • Types of Bias: Consideration of potential bias when evaluating research articles and data.
  • Research designs reduce bias.

Levels of Evidence for Preventive or Therapeutic Studies

  • Hierarchy of evidence (from expert opinion to systematic reviews, RCTs).

Advantages of Systematic Reviews

  • Utilize scientific methodology
  • Identify all relevant literature
  • Critically appraise studies
  • Evaluate data and develop conclusions
  • Reliable source of information for clinical decision-making

5 Steps of Using EIDM

  • Formulate clinical questions
  • Conduct a computerized search to find best evidence
  • Critically appraise the evidence
  • Apply results to clinical practice
  • Evaluate the process and performance

5 Steps (alternative)

    1. Ask
    1. Access
    1. Appraise
    1. Apply
    1. Assess

PICO Process

  • Converting information needs/problems into clinical questions.
  • Asking the right questions is crucial.

PICO Format

  • P: Population (or patient/problem).
  • I: Intervention(or treatment/action).
  • C: Comparison (or alternative treatment/no intervention/no action).
  • O: Outcome (expected result).

Writing the PICO Question

  • Generating PICO-style questions from patient information and needs.
  • Example: Home teeth whitening with hydrogen peroxide compared to store-bought whitening strips.

Example Clinical Question

  • Example question relating to teeth whitening.

Background Questions

  • Questions about client's teeth-whitening concerns and sources of relevant information.

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Related Documents

DTL 507 Evidence Informed Practice Intro week 1- student PDF

Description

This quiz covers the course structure for DTL 507 Evidence Informed Practice, including assessments such as the comprehensive final exam and various assignments. Students will learn about crucial aspects like evidence-based decision making and reflective practices that will aid in their understanding and application of concepts in the course.

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