Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a property of astringent agents used in dentistry?
What is the primary mechanism of action of obtundents in dentistry?
Tannic acid is used in dentistry primarily for what purpose?
Which concentration of zinc chloride is typically used in dental treatments?
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Which of the following agents is known for its caustic properties in dental care?
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What function does alum serve in dental treatments?
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Which type of dental drug is specifically used to reduce or eliminate pain during procedures?
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Which metallic astringent is mentioned as being used in the treatment of ulcerated gums?
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Which obtained acts by precipitating proteins during dental procedures?
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What is the main action of Benzyl Alcohol when used as an obtundent?
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What is the primary component of clove oil that provides its obtunding effect?
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Which obtundent is known to cause staining of dentine?
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What is the ratio used for the mixture of camphor, thymol, and menthol?
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What is the main action of ethyl alcohol when applied in dental procedures?
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What characteristic is common to both phenol and creosote as obtundents?
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Which of the following obtundents is known to cause sharp pain upon application?
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Which substance is not considered a local anaesthetic in dental applications?
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What is the primary function of obtundents in dental procedures?
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Which mummifying agent is known for its potential to cause inflammation in pulp tissue?
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Which agent acts by slow liberation of iodine and possesses antiseptic properties?
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What is the main disadvantage of using formaldehyde in dental procedures?
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Which of the following agents is commonly used for temporary relief of toothache?
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What is one of the primary uses of bleaching agents in dentistry?
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Which type of agent is classified as bleaching agents commonly used in dentistry?
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Study Notes
Drugs Used in Dentistry: Overview
- Commonly used drugs in dentistry include astringents, obtundents, mummifying agents, and bleaching agents.
- Characteristics studied include clinical uses, adverse effects, and mechanisms of action.
Astringents
- Agents that precipitate superficial protein when applied to skin or mucous membrane.
- Function to shrink/constrict tissues, arrest capillary oozing, promote clotting.
- Types of astringents used in dentistry:
- Tannic Acid
- Zinc Chloride
- Zinc Sulphate
- Copper Sulphate
- Alum
Tannic Acid
- Derived from nutgalls, it precipitates proteins as tannates.
- Used in mouthwashes, dentifrices, local haemostatics, and obtundent applications.
Zinc Chloride
- Caustic astringent, typically used in a 5-10% solution.
- Effective for treating ulcerative gingivitis, pyorrhoeal pockets, and aphthous ulcers.
Zinc Sulphate
- Astringent used at a concentration of 0.5-1%.
- Commonly applied in mouthwash and lotion for conditions like mastoiditis and stomatitis.
Copper Sulphate
- Used in astringent mouthwash, formulated at 0.5-2% concentration for indolent gum ulcers.
Alum
- Serves as an astringent, antiseptic, and haemostatic agent.
- Utilized in 1-2% concentration for inflamed or ulcerated gums.
Obtuents
- Designed to diminish dentine sensitivity, creating a painless excavation.
Mummifying Agents
- Harden and dry pulp tissue to maintain aseptic conditions.
- Prevent infections when complete pulp removal is not feasible.
- Often available in paste or semi-liquid forms.
Common Mummifying Agents
- Tannic Acid: Mixed with glycerine, hardens tissues and prevents bacterial action.
- Paraformaldehyde: Acts by slow formaldehyde liberation; may cause pulp inflammation.
- Iodoform: Provides antiseptic properties, liberates iodine slowly, often used in paste form.
- Toothache Drops: Temporary relief for toothache, typically containing local anesthetics like benzocaine or eugenol.
Bleaching Agents
- Utilized to remove tooth pigmentation.
- Classified mainly as oxidizing agents.
Obtundents: Mechanisms of Action
- Three main categories based on their action:
- Destroying nervous tissue: e.g., Absolute alcohol.
- Paralyzing sensory nerve endings: e.g., Phenol, Benzyl alcohol, Eugenol.
- Precipitating proteins: e.g., Silver nitrate, Zinc chloride.
Specific Obtundents
- Ethyl Alcohol (70%): Rapid penetration, non-toxic to pulp, doesn't stain.
- Phenol: Causes initial irritation, used alone or mixed with chloroform and olive oil.
- Creosote: Similar to phenol, but penetrates more deeply.
- Benzyl Alcohol: Functions as a local anesthetic, mixed with chloroform and ethyl alcohol.
- Camphor, Thymol, Menthol: Volatile oils mixed for rapid effect; initially stimulate, then paralyze sensory nerve endings.
- Eugenol: Non-irritating, causes yellow stains, primarily used as an obtundent.
- Silver Nitrate: Precipitates dentine proteins, causes pain, stains black.
- Zinc Chloride: Similar action to silver nitrate, causes sharp pain, does not stain dentine.
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Description
Explore various drugs utilized in dentistry, focusing on bleaching, disclosing, and desensitization agents. This quiz discusses their clinical uses, adverse effects, and mechanisms of action to enhance your understanding of the pharmacological aspects in dental practice.
