35 Questions
What is the most common form of parkinsonism?
Parkinson disease
Which neurotransmitters are implicated in causing Parkinson disease?
Dopamine and acetylcholine
What is the main effect of Parkinson disease on the body?
Affects posture and locomotion
What theory suggests the cause of Alzheimer disease to be degeneration of cholinergic neurons?
Cholinergic hypothesis
Which of the following drugs can cause pseudoparkinsonism as an adverse reaction?
Lithium
Which of the following nonpharmacologic measures can lessen symptoms of parkinsonism?
Exercise
What part of the brain experiences degeneration in Parkinson disease?
Substantia nigra
Parkinson disease is characterized by which neurotransmitter imbalance?
Dopamine and glutamate
Which neurologic tract does Parkinson disease affect?
Extrapyramidal motor tract
Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with Alzheimer disease?
Acetylcholine
What is the chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with marked cognitive dysfunction?
Alzheimer disease
Which neurotransmitter is considered inhibitory?
Dopamine
What is the primary cause of symptomatic movement disorders in Parkinson's disease?
Imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine
Which drug category aims to replace the dopamine deficit in Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine replacements
What is the role of carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase in the peripheral nervous system
Which drug acts directly on dopamine receptors in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and GI tract?
Bromocriptine mesylate
What is the primary purpose of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors in Parkinson's disease treatment?
Prevent the breakdown of dopamine
What is the function of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors when taken with a levodopa preparation?
Prolong the action of levodopa
Which drug is recommended by the FDA to treat hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis?
Pimavanserin
What are common side effects of anticholinergic drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What may occur with high levodopa dosages?
Impaired voluntary movement (dyskinesia)
What effect may high doses of selegiline have?
Hypertensive crisis due to tyramine metabolism
What should be frequently monitored when taking tolcapone?
Serum liver enzymes
What is the primary characteristic of Alzheimer disease?
Marked cognitive dysfunction
Which factors are thought to influence the occurrence of Alzheimer disease?
Genetic predisposition and environmental factors
How do acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors work in treating Alzheimer disease?
By increasing acetylcholine in neuron receptors
What is the primary effect of AChE inhibitors in treating Alzheimer disease?
Increasing cognitive function
Which drug is a reversible AChE inhibitor used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer disease?
Galantamine
Aside from memory loss, what other symptom is commonly associated with Alzheimer disease?
Aggressive behavior
Which neurotransmitter does AChE inhibitor drugs like donepezil affect?
Acetylcholine
What is the current status of finding a cure for Alzheimer disease?
'The cure for Alzheimer disease is unknown'
What is the etiology of Alzheimer disease according to the text?
Multiple factors including genetic predisposition, virus, infection, or inflammation
Which drugs are considered AChE inhibitors according to the text?
Tacrine and galantamine
Which of these symptoms is NOT commonly associated with Alzheimer disease?
Muscle weakness
What type of dementia is Alzheimer disease?
Irreversible dementia only
Learn the key points about Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, including their characteristics, symptoms, and theories about their causes.
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