Drugs for Dyslipidemia Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of fenofibrate?

  • Binds bile acids in the intestine (correct)
  • Stimulates HDL production
  • Inactivates thrombin to reduce fibrin formation
  • Inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine

Which drug significantly lowers LDL cholesterol levels and is administered subcutaneously?

  • Heparin
  • Niacin
  • Ezetimibe
  • Alirocumab (correct)

What is the primary effect of ezetimibe in the body?

  • Increases HDL levels
  • Suppresses fibrin by inactivating thrombin
  • Reduces triglycerides
  • Inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine (correct)

Which drug is known to decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol levels?

<p>Niacin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does heparin achieve its anticoagulant effect?

<p>Inactivates thrombin to reduce fibrin formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with anticoagulant therapy using heparin?

<p>Hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe high density lipoprotein, known as 'good cholesterol'?

<p>HDL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is known for reducing LDL cholesterol and is often used alongside statins?

<p>Cholestyramine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect associated with HMG-CoA Inhibitors (statins)?

<p>Rhabdomyolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid source is described as a component of the cell membrane and considered essential?

<p>Cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dyslipidemia management, what is the approach no longer being targeted and instead focusing on overall risk reduction?

<p>Specific cholesterol goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used to prevent cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction (MI) and angina, even in patients with diabetes but normal cholesterol levels?

<p>Atorvastatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for using Low Molecular Weight Heparins like enoxaparin?

<p>Severe kidney or liver disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an overdose of Warfarin (Vitamin K antagonist) treated?

<p>Protamine sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an example of a Direct Factor Xa inhibitor?

<p>Rivaroxaban (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general purpose of antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel?

<p>To suppress platelet formation in arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as a thrombolytic or fibrinolytic agent?

<p>Alteplase (tPA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is epoetin alfa commonly used?

<p>Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors?

<p>Stimulate blood cell production by bone marrow in neutropenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals monitor for when administering alteplase (tPA)?

<p>Bleeding complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug prototype is an HMG-CoA Inhibitor and commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and angina?

<p>Lovastatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with cholestyramine?

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol'?

<p>LDL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between atorvastatin and cholestyramine in terms of administration?

<p>Atorvastatin is administered orally, while cholestyramine is administered subcutaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the absolute risk assessment method for developing clinical coronary disease over the next 10 years?

<p>ASCVD Risk Assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of niacin (nicotinic acid) in the body?

<p>Increases HDL cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a fibric acid derivative that binds bile acids in the intestine?

<p>Fenofibrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab in the body?

<p>Significantly lowers LDL cholesterol levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the process of forming a blood clot?

<p>Thrombosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect associated with high-dose IV heparin therapy?

<p>Hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid source is considered essential and is described as a component of the cell membrane?

<p>Cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for using thrombolytic agents like alteplase (tPA)?

<p>Renal failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Low Molecular Weight Heparins like enoxaparin administered?

<p>Subcutaneously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to treat deep vein thrombosis and is based on body weight for dosing?

<p>Dabigatran (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel?

<p>Hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an overdose of Direct Factor Xa inhibitors like rivaroxaban typically managed?

<p>By reversing with fresh frozen plasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is epoetin alfa commonly used to treat?

<p>Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors like filgrastim?

<p>Enhance white blood cell count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do anticoagulants differ from antiplatelet drugs in their mechanism of action?

<p>Anticoagulants prevent clot formation in arteries, while antiplatelet drugs prevent clot formation in veins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with cholestyramine?

<p>Rhabdomyolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol'?

<p>VLDL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does atorvastatin primarily prevent cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and angina?

<p>By lowering blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid source is considered essential and is described as a component of the cell membrane?

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dyslipidemia management, what approach is no longer being targeted and instead focusing on overall risk reduction?

<p>Achieving specific cholesterol goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug significantly lowers LDL cholesterol levels but is not administered orally?

<p>Atorvastatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the medication ezetimibe primarily act in the body?

<p>By inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of niacin (nicotinic acid) in the body?

<p>Raises HDL cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a PCSK9 inhibitor administered subcutaneously and significantly lowers LDL cholesterol?

<p>Alirocumab (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibrates like fenofibrate in decreasing lipid levels?

<p>Lowering triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms best describes the process of stopping blood loss and forming a clot?

<p>Hemostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug prototype has the primary action of reducing LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol?

<p>Niacin (nicotinic acid) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Low Molecular Weight Heparins like enoxaparin?

<p>Prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an overdose of Direct Factor Xa inhibitors like rivaroxaban typically managed?

<p>Dabigatran (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel and anticoagulants?

<p>Site of action in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors like filgrastim?

<p>Stimulate blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an example of a Direct thrombin inhibitor?

<p>Dabigatran (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for using Anti-Platelet drugs?

<p>GI ulcers or other bleeding conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Newer anticoagulants differ from traditional anticoagulants like warfarin in terms of lab monitoring?

<p>Do not require any lab tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Thrombolytic agents like alteplase?

<p>Remove already formed clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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