Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of bile acids in the intestine?
What is the primary role of bile acids in the intestine?
Which medication is known to enhance the excretion of bile acids?
Which medication is known to enhance the excretion of bile acids?
What effect do the antibodies mentioned have on LDL-cholesterol levels?
What effect do the antibodies mentioned have on LDL-cholesterol levels?
Which of the following is a limitation of using monoclonal antibodies in treating hyperlipoproteinemia?
Which of the following is a limitation of using monoclonal antibodies in treating hyperlipoproteinemia?
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How does the use of bile acids affect cholesterol in the liver?
How does the use of bile acids affect cholesterol in the liver?
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What common side effect is associated with monoclonal antibodies mentioned in the content?
What common side effect is associated with monoclonal antibodies mentioned in the content?
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What condition does cholesterol-lowering therapy primarily aim to combat?
What condition does cholesterol-lowering therapy primarily aim to combat?
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Which of the following treatments is considered when other drugs fail to work?
Which of the following treatments is considered when other drugs fail to work?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of statins in cholesterol management?
What is the primary mechanism of action of statins in cholesterol management?
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What adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of statins?
What adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of statins?
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Which drug class is indicated for lowering LDL cholesterol and works by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which drug class is indicated for lowering LDL cholesterol and works by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
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What is the primary purpose of fibric acid derivatives in cholesterol management?
What is the primary purpose of fibric acid derivatives in cholesterol management?
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Which of the following adverse effects is associated with fibric acid derivatives?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with fibric acid derivatives?
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How do statins help lower LDL cholesterol levels?
How do statins help lower LDL cholesterol levels?
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Which of the following drugs would most likely be used in combination with statins?
Which of the following drugs would most likely be used in combination with statins?
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Which of the following describes an effect of bile acid sequestrants in cholesterol management?
Which of the following describes an effect of bile acid sequestrants in cholesterol management?
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Which of the following statements about fibric acid derivatives is correct?
Which of the following statements about fibric acid derivatives is correct?
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What is a known consequence of statin therapy related to liver function?
What is a known consequence of statin therapy related to liver function?
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Study Notes
Drugs for Atherosclerosis Prevention
-
Statins
- Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, a rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
- Adverse effects: myopathy (muscle function problems), liver enzyme abnormalities
- Therapeutic effect/use: First-line treatment for lowering LDL cholesterol levels
- Typically used with statins
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Sterol Absorption Inhibitors (e.g., Ezetimibe)
- Inhibit cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
- Lower plasma cholesterol levels
-
Fibric Acid Derivatives (e.g., Gemfibrozil)
- Reduce VLDL levels by:
- Increasing breakdown of triglycerides
- Decreasing VLDL secretion by the liver
- Increasing breakdown of fatty acids in adipose tissue
- Adverse effects: Rashes, GI upset, myopathy, hyperkalemia
- Reduce VLDL levels by:
-
Bile Acid Binding Resins (e.g., Cholestyramine)
- Bind bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption
- Increase cholesterol excretion into the bile in the liver
- Therapeutic effect/use: Lower LDL (20-30%)
- Adverse effects: Bloating, constipation
-
PCSK9 Inhibitors (e.g., Alirocumab and Evolocumab)
- Monoclonal antibodies that target PCSK9 protein, a protein that increases LDL levels
- Improve the liver's ability to remove cholesterol from the blood
- Adverse effects: Mild skin rash, upper respiratory tract infection, limitation, complications (injection every 2-4 weeks)
- Therapeutic effect/use: Lower LDL levels by 60-70%, used when other drugs fail or patient has very high LDL. Last resort drug.
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Description
This quiz covers various medications used in the prevention of atherosclerosis, including statins, sterol absorption inhibitors, fibric acid derivatives, and bile acid binding resins. Each drug's mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, and potential adverse effects are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview for students of pharmacology.
