Hyperlipidemia Treatment Quiz

A major cause of death in the US, responsible for heart attacks and strokes.

A type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues. It is often called 'bad cholesterol' due to its role in atherosclerosis.

A type of lipoprotein that collects cholesterol from tissues and transports it back to the liver. It is often called 'good cholesterol' due to its protective effect.

Increased levels of VLDL, IDL, and LDL in the blood contribute to atherosclerosis.

It is a major goal of treatment for hyperlipidemias.

Genetic factors, lifestyle choices (diet and exercise), and a combination of both can lead to elevated cholesterol levels.

It is the first line of treatment for hyperlipidemias.

Medications are used to lower cholesterol levels when lifestyle modifications are not enough.

A condition where there is an abnormally high level of lipids (fats) in the blood.

A group of disorders characterized by elevated levels of specific lipoproteins in the blood. This can lead to increased risk of heart diseases.

A tool used to classify different types of hyperlipoproteinemia based on the specific lipoprotein levels.

Lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight reduction. These modifications can help lower 'bad' cholesterol (LDL) and raise 'good' cholesterol (HDL) levels.

Medications used to lower cholesterol levels when lifestyle changes are not enough. Examples include statins, fibrates, and bile acid sequestrants.

Drugs that decrease the synthesis of cholesterol, resulting in increased LDL receptor activity and reduced VLDL production.

They competitively block the enzyme HMG CoA reductase, which is a key step in cholesterol synthesis.

Lovastatin and Simvastatin need to be changed into active forms before they can work. They can also affect sleep.

These drugs are longer-lasting in the body. Rosuvastatin, Pitavastatin, and Atorvastatin are the most potent in reducing LDL cholesterol.

Pravastatin and Fluvastatin are absorbed fully into the body. Lovastatin and Simvastatin are absorbed partially.

These drugs are broken down in the liver and eliminated through waste products, with a little bit exiting through urine.

They are used for treating all types of high cholesterol, but less effective for patients with a genetic lack of LDL receptors.

Statins, like Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, etc., are a type of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor.

A group of medications that are used to lower elevated levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood.

A side effect of fibrates that can occur, characterized by inflammation of skeletal muscles causing muscle weakness and tenderness.

A rare but serious complication of myopathy, which can occur when taking fibrates, causing muscle breakdown. It is especially dangerous when used in combination with statins.

A side effect seen with niacin, characterized by skin redness and itching.

Statins are drugs that inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis.

Statins can cause muscle pain and weakness, potentially leading to a breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis).

Bile acid-binding resins, like cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam, bind to bile acids in the gut, preventing their reabsorption and increasing their excretion.

Bile acid-binding resins can lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as constipation, nausea, and bloating.

Ezetimibe directly inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, reducing cholesterol levels in the blood.

Bile acid-binding resins can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) due to their ability to bind to these vitamins in the gut.

Bile acid-binding resins can interact with other medications, potentially affecting their absorption.

Cholestyramine, a bile acid-binding resin, can be used to relieve itching caused by bile acid buildup in patients with biliary obstruction.

Ezetimibe is metabolized in the small intestine and liver via glucuronide conjugation. It is then excreted through the bile and kidneys. It has a half-life of approximately 22 hours.

Niacin quickly lowers free fatty acid levels in the blood when given. Over a few hours, the levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) decrease. However, changes to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol occur only after several days of treatment.

Niacin lowers both cholesterol and triglycerides, making it useful in treating inherited high lipid disorders.

Niacin effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the blood, its primary use in clinical practice.

Niacin can cause flushing, itching, liver dysfunction, increased blood sugar levels, worsen gout, diabetes and peptic ulcers

Fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and clofibrate are examples of fibrate medications. They lower triglycerides and raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the blood.

Fibrates activate a protein called PPARα, which controls the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid breakdown. They also increase lipoprotein lipase activity, which helps clear triglycerides from the blood.

Fibrates are used to treat high levels of triglycerides in the blood. They can also be used for a type of lipid disorder called dysbetalipoproteinemia, where specific fats accumulate.