Drugs Containing Carbohydrate Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of fructose in foods and drinks?

  • Citrus aurantium (correct)
  • Dehila
  • Inula helenium
  • Dendelion

What is the primary function of Isapgol mucilage?

  • Thickening agent
  • Antiseptic
  • Sweetening agent
  • Laxative (correct)

Which of these is a component of Manna?

  • Aldobionic acid
  • Dextrose
  • Pectin
  • Mannotriose (correct)

What is the botanical family of the plant that yields Isapgol?

<p>Plantaginaceae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pharmaceutical aid, according to the provided content?

<p>Isapgol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from being a thickening agent, what other application does pectin have?

<p>Treatment of diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical composition of Honey?

<p>Aqueous solution of Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition that Isapgol mucilage can be used to treat?

<p>Chronic constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the botanical name of the plant source for Manna?

<p>Fraxinus ornus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an enzyme present in honey?

<p>Invertase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of Acacia in pharmaceutical preparations?

<p>Antiseptic agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which family does the plant Sterculia urens belong to?

<p>Sterculaceae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of starch used in pharmaceutical preparations?

<p>Amylose and Amylopectin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a polysaccharide?

<p>Arabic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Guar Gum as a pharmaceutical excipient?

<p>Binding agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Agar in pharmaceutical formulations?

<p>Bulk laxative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property associated with Dextran?

<p>Immunostimulant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used as an antidote for iodine poisoning?

<p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs is a complex carbohydrate?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary carbohydrate component of Echinacea?

<p>Arabinogalactan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary chemical structure of Dextrins?

<p>Polysaccharide derived from the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary biological source of Gum Karaya?

<p>Sterculia urens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of Gum Ghatti in pharmaceuticals?

<p>Emulsifying agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Echinacea as a pharmaceutical ingredient?

<p>Immunostimulant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of glycosidic linkage predominates in the Dextran molecule?

<p>Alpha-1,6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the botanical source of Guar Gum?

<p>Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is NOT a source of carrageenan?

<p>Astragalus gummifer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of glycosidic bonds are found in carrageenan?

<p>Alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tragacanth as a pharmaceutical excipient?

<p>Thickening agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of carrageenan allows it to be used as a gelling agent in cosmetics and food?

<p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST describes the primary use of tragacanth in pharmaceutical formulations?

<p>Tragacanth is primarily used as a thickening agent to improve the viscosity of the formulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arabin

A type of carbohydrate found in acacia, which is a complex mixture of calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts of arabic acid.

Agarose

A polysaccharide found in agar, known for its ability to form gels.

Gum Karaya

A natural polysaccharide derived from the sap of Sterculia trees, often used as a thickening agent.

Amylose

A type of starch that is soluble in hot water and forms a gel when cooled.

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Amylopectin

A type of starch that is insoluble in water and forms a paste when cooked.

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Suspending Agent

A substance that helps to disperse solid particles in a liquid.

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Demulcent Agent

A substance that helps to soothe and protect irritated tissues.

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Emulsifing Agent

A substance that helps to prevent the separation of oil and water in a mixture.

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Carrageenan

A type of polysaccharide used in foods and cosmetics. It is a mixture of polymers of D-glycose linked by alpha (1-4) or alpha (1-6) glycosidic bonds.

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Kappa Carrageenan

A type of carrageenan that, when dissolved in water, produces a viscous gel. It is often found in chocolate milk and other dairy products.

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Lambda Carrageenan

A type of carrageenan that, when dissolved in water, produces a highly viscous solution. It is considered the most soluble type of carrageenan and is used in many applications where a thick, gel-like consistency is desired.

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Tragacanth

A gum obtained from the dried sap of the Astragalus gummifer plant. It has a number of applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries.

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Tragacanthic acid

One of the main components of tragacanth gum.

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Gum Ghatti

A complex mixture of calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts of Arabic acid. It acts as an emulsifying agent.

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Guar Gum

A polysaccharide known as Guaran, composed of galactose and mannose. It's used as a binding agent, disintegrant, emulsifier, thickener, and bulk laxative.

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Echinacea

Derived from the Echinacea plant, containing arabinogalactan and fucogalactoxylogllucans. Known for its immunostimulant properties.

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Dextran

A polysaccharide produced by bacteria grown on sucrose, primarily composed of glucose linked by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds with branches stemming from alpha 1,3 linkages. It's used as an antithrombotic agent, volume expander, and blood flow adjuvant.

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Dextrins

A polysaccharide resulting from the controlled hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. Used as an adhesive in paper production due to its ability to form a sticky paste when mixed with water.

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Gum Arabic

A natural gum obtained from the Anogeissus latifolia tree. It's also used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

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Starch

A polysaccharide consisting of a chain of glucose units. It acts as a thickener in food and other applications.

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Pectin

A natural polysaccharide derived from the cell walls of plants, commonly found in citrus fruits.

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Pectin (in medicine)

A complex sugar found in plants, often used as a thickener and adsorbent in medicine.

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Honey

A natural sweetener produced by bees from nectar.

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Honey (composition)

A complex mixture of sugars, enzymes, and other substances, known for its demulcent and antibacterial properties.

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Ispaghol

A substance derived from Plantago species, primarily known for its laxative properties due to its mucilage content.

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Mucilage (Ispaghol)

A natural substance found in plants, particularly Psyllium husk, that forms a gel-like substance in the digestive system.

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Manna

A sugary substance obtained from Fraxinus ornus, used as a laxative.

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Mannitol

A sugar alcohol found in Manna, acting as its laxative component.

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Insulin (plant source)

A natural source of fructose obtained from roots of plants like dandelion and chicory.

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Liquid Glucose

A liquid sugar solution commonly used in medications and food preparations.

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Study Notes

Drugs Containing Carbohydrate

  • Table details drugs containing carbohydrates, their source, constituents, and uses.

Constituents and Uses

  • Acacia: Contains arabic, a complex mixture of calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts of arabic acid. Uses include emulsifying agent, suspending agent, and demulcent.
  • Agar: Polysaccharide containing uronic acid. Hydrolysis yields D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and D-galacturonic acid. It's used as an emulsifying agent, bulk laxative, and in bacteriological cultures.
  • Gum karaya: Poly saccharide containing uronic acid. Hydrolysis yields D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and D-galacturonic acid. It acts as an emulsifying agent, bulk laxative, thickener.
  • Starch: Composed of amylose (beta amylose) and amylopectin (alpha amylose). Uses include nutritive, demulcent, antidote for iodine poisoning, disintegrating agent in pills/tablets.
  • Isapgol: Contains pentosans and aldobionic acid. It's used as a laxative, demulcent, emollient. It helps with chronic constipation, amoebic and bacillary dysentery.
  • Manna: Contains mannitol, mannotriose, and mannotetrose. Used as a laxative, demulcent, emollient. Used as a remedy for chronic constipation and other ailments.
  • Pectin: Hydrolysis yields D-galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. It's used as a thickener, adsorbent (treating diarrhea and hemorrhage), is a source of fructose.
  • Insulin: Described as a source of Fructose in foods and drinks, with unspecified roles besides this connection.
  • Honey: Consists of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose; has invertase, diastase, and inulase enzymes. It's a demulcent, sweetening agent, antiseptic, and common ingredient in cough mixtures.
  • Gum Ghatti: Complex mixture of calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts. Used as an emulsifying agent.
  • Guar Gum: Polysaccharide yielding galactose and mannose. Emulsifying, binding agent, and disintegrating agent are uses.
  • Echinacea: Polysaccharides. Immunostimulant.
  • Dextran: Produced by bacteria. Commercial preparation is leucanostoc mesenteroides. Used as an antithrombotic and volume expander.
  • Dextrins: Hydrolysis of starch or glycogen via alpha (1-4) or alpha (1-6) glycosidic bonds. Adherent, important in various applications like food.
  • Carrageenan: Polysaccharide of varying types (Kappa and Lambda). Uses include thickener, stabilizing/gelling agent, demulcent and antidiarrhoeal properties.
  • Tragacanth: Tragacanthin, tragacanthic acid, and bassorin produce thickening, emollient, suspending, and emulsifying agents.

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Drugs Containing Carbohydrate PDF

Description

Explore various drugs containing carbohydrates, their sources, and uses in this informative quiz. Learn about essential substances like acacia, agar, and starch, along with their applications in medicine and food industries. Assess your knowledge on carbohydrates and their therapeutic significance.

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