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Questions and Answers
Classify the following monosaccharide: is it an aldose or a ketose?
Classify the following monosaccharide: is it an aldose or a ketose?
- Aldose (correct)
- Ketose
Name the monosaccharide above according to its number of carbon atoms.
Name the monosaccharide above according to its number of carbon atoms.
Aldopentose
Classify the following monosaccharide: is it an aldose or a ketose?
Classify the following monosaccharide: is it an aldose or a ketose?
- Aldose
- Ketose (correct)
Name the monosaccharide above according to its number of carbon atoms.
Name the monosaccharide above according to its number of carbon atoms.
What is the linkage in cellulose?
What is the linkage in cellulose?
What is the linkage in amylose?
What is the linkage in amylose?
What is the linkage in amylopectin?
What is the linkage in amylopectin?
What is the linkage in glycogen?
What is the linkage in glycogen?
What is the main structural difference between amylose and cellulose?
What is the main structural difference between amylose and cellulose?
What roles do amylose and cellulose have in nature?
What roles do amylose and cellulose have in nature?
Explain why cows and other grazing animals can eat grass but humans cannot.
Explain why cows and other grazing animals can eat grass but humans cannot.
What is the disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose?
What is the disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose?
What is the monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood?
What is the monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood?
What is an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids?
What is an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids?
What is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by beta-1,4 linkages?
What is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by beta-1,4 linkages?
What is a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits?
What is a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits?
What is the disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose?
What is the disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose?
What is the monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar?
What is the monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar?
What is the disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose?
What is the disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose?
Explain why cotton fibers, which are nearly pure cellulose, are insoluble in water.
Explain why cotton fibers, which are nearly pure cellulose, are insoluble in water.
What is lactose intolerance?
What is lactose intolerance?
What is Galactosemia?
What is Galactosemia?
What is a simple sugar composed of equal parts carbon and water?
What is a simple sugar composed of equal parts carbon and water?
Lactose, the sugar in milk, is a __________ because it can be split into two monosaccharides.
Lactose, the sugar in milk, is a __________ because it can be split into two monosaccharides.
A ____________ cannot be hydrolyzed any further.
A ____________ cannot be hydrolyzed any further.
A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed is a?
A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed is a?
Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?
Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?
When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal, what is the anomeric carbon atom?
When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal, what is the anomeric carbon atom?
Two isomeric sugars that are cyclic and only differ in the position of the -OH group attached to the hemiacetal carbon are called?
Two isomeric sugars that are cyclic and only differ in the position of the -OH group attached to the hemiacetal carbon are called?
What is a glycosidic bond?
What is a glycosidic bond?
A ketohexose will form a five-membered ring.
A ketohexose will form a five-membered ring.
Which statements about human blood types are correct?
Which statements about human blood types are correct?
All of the following are common monosaccharides of interest in human biochemistry except glucose.
All of the following are common monosaccharides of interest in human biochemistry except glucose.
Fructose is similar to glucose and galactose except?
Fructose is similar to glucose and galactose except?
Glucose and other monosaccharides react with ________ to form phosphate ester in biological systems.
Glucose and other monosaccharides react with ________ to form phosphate ester in biological systems.
Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?
Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?
If a carbohydrate, like xylulose, has five carbon atoms and a carbonyl group on the second carbon, it is called a(n)?
If a carbohydrate, like xylulose, has five carbon atoms and a carbonyl group on the second carbon, it is called a(n)?
The most common carbohydrate, _______, has six carbon atoms.
The most common carbohydrate, _______, has six carbon atoms.
Any carbohydrate with the carbonyl group on the second carbon is a(n)?
Any carbohydrate with the carbonyl group on the second carbon is a(n)?
A monosaccharide is a(n) _________ if the carbonyl group is on the end of the carbon chain.
A monosaccharide is a(n) _________ if the carbonyl group is on the end of the carbon chain.
Glyceraldehyde is an example of a(n) __________, because it has three carbon atoms.
Glyceraldehyde is an example of a(n) __________, because it has three carbon atoms.
With the carbonyl group on the end of a six-carbon chain, the carbohydrate would be classified as a(n)?
With the carbonyl group on the end of a six-carbon chain, the carbohydrate would be classified as a(n)?
A carbohydrate can be defined as a molecule?
A carbohydrate can be defined as a molecule?
Glucose can be classified as a(an)?
Glucose can be classified as a(an)?
Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?
Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?
Which monosaccharide listed is used in the backbone of DNA?
Which monosaccharide listed is used in the backbone of DNA?
Which of the following molecules has a common name of levulose or fruit sugar?
Which of the following molecules has a common name of levulose or fruit sugar?
Is the disaccharide that contains two glucose units joined by an alpha-glycosidic linkage?
Is the disaccharide that contains two glucose units joined by an alpha-glycosidic linkage?
Is the disaccharide that contains fructose and glucose?
Is the disaccharide that contains fructose and glucose?
Is the disaccharide that contains galactose and glucose?
Is the disaccharide that contains galactose and glucose?
Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.
Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.
Starch is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Starch is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Which of the following polysaccharides is used to inhibit blood clotting?
Which of the following polysaccharides is used to inhibit blood clotting?
Glycogen is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Glycogen is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Cellulose is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Cellulose is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?
Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?
Starch is composed of two polymers, ________, which is an unbranched chain, and ________, which is a branched polymer.
Starch is composed of two polymers, ________, which is an unbranched chain, and ________, which is a branched polymer.
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe functions of modified carbohydrate molecules?
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe functions of modified carbohydrate molecules?
Complex carbohydrates are?
Complex carbohydrates are?
Simple carbohydrates are?
Simple carbohydrates are?
Name two types of soluble fiber and their sources.
Name two types of soluble fiber and their sources.
Study Notes
Monosaccharide Classification
- Aldoses and ketoses are two classifications of monosaccharides based on the position of the carbonyl group.
- Aldopentose contains five carbon atoms and functions as a building block in nucleic acids.
- Ketotriose consists of three carbon atoms with a ketone structure.
Polysaccharides and Their Structures
- Cellulose is composed of β-1,4 linkages and serves as a structural component in plants.
- Amylose has a structure of α-1,4 linkages, contributing to carbohydrate storage.
- Amylopectin and glycogen contain both α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages, enhancing their energy storage capabilities.
Difference in Structural Properties
- Amylose features α-D-glucose, while cellulose includes β-D-glucose, leading to differing solubility and structural properties.
- Cellulose's hydrogen bonding contributes to its insolubility in water compared to glycogen.
Dietary Impact and Animal Digestion
- Humans lack enzymes to break β-1,4 linkages in cellulose, limiting their ability to digest grass, unlike grazing animals with specialized bacteria for this purpose.
Disaccharides
- Maltose is a disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules.
- Sucrose combines glucose and fructose, while lactose contains glucose and galactose.
Galactose and Lactose
- Galactose is a component of milk sugar, and lactose intolerance arises from insufficient lactase enzyme, causing discomfort when consuming dairy products.
- Galactosemia is a severe inherited disorder where individuals cannot properly metabolize galactose, necessitating a galactose-free diet.
Carbohydrate Definitions
- Carbohydrates are defined as aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups.
- Monosaccharides serve as the simplest form of carbohydrates, while polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed into glucose units.
Isomeric Sugars
- Anomers are specific cyclic monosaccharides that differ only in the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon.
- Glycosidic bonds form between anomeric carbon and -OR groups.
Blood Types and Biochemistry
- Blood type O is universal due to the absence of unique antigens, while AB has both A and B antigens.
- Common monosaccharides in human biochemistry include glucose, galactose, and fructose; maltose and ribose are also significant.
Functions and Production of Carbohydrates
- Starch is produced by plants for energy storage, whereas glycogen is the animal equivalent.
- Heparin functions as an anticoagulant, aiding in blood clotting prevention.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Starch is a complex carbohydrate, while fructose and glucose are examples of simple carbohydrates.
- Soluble fibers like pectin and vegetable gum enhance digestive health and are found in fruits, oats, and beans.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of carbohydrates with this quiz, focusing on the classification of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and their unique structural properties. Learn about the differences between aldoses and ketoses, as well as the impact of various carbohydrate structures on dietary digestion and energy storage.
