17 Questions
What is the Young's formula used for in pediatric drug dosage calculations?
To calculate the dose based on age in years
What is Clark's rule used for in pediatric drug dosage calculations?
To calculate the dose based on body weight in kilograms
Why do augmented responses to warfarin occur in prepubertal patients at similar plasma concentrations as in adults?
Due to immature receptors or neurotransmitter systems
Why do most drugs approved for use in children have recommended pediatric doses stated as milligrams per kilogram?
To adjust for differences in body weight among children
Why is intravenous (IV) route preferred in serious conditions for pediatric patients?
It bypasses the slower gastrointestinal absorption seen in infancy.
What is a common characteristic of adverse effects of drugs in children compared to adults?
They are generally similar to those in adults
Why is rectal administration considered adequate for certain drugs in pediatric patients?
It can achieve adequate absorption for drugs like diazepam and theophylline.
Why do pediatric patients require lower drug doses when administered through intact skin?
To prevent systemic toxicity from excessive absorption.
How does gastrointestinal absorption compare between infants and adults?
It is slower in infants compared to adults.
Why is plasma protein binding of drugs reduced in neonates?
Because of immature binding proteins in neonates.
What effect does the thin infant skin have on drug absorption via the percutaneous route?
It accelerates drug penetration and can cause systemic toxicity.
What is the rationale behind using oral preparations that taste pleasant for children under the age of five years?
To improve compliance since children may have difficulty swallowing tablets
Which route of administration is particularly valuable in the treatment of status epilepticus in children?
Rectal administration
Why are nebulizers preferred over pressurized aerosols for children under the age of ten years?
Pressurized aerosols require coordinated deep inspiration
Why should rectal administration be considered if a child is vomiting?
It ensures drug delivery even if the child is vomiting
How should doses for prescribed drugs be calculated for pediatric populations?
Based on the child's weight
What is the purpose of ensuring proper instructions to the caregiver when prescribing drugs for children?
To improve compliance and medication administration accuracy
This quiz covers the principles of prescribing in pediatric and geriatric age groups, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences, drug efficacies based on age, pediatric dosage forms and compliance, and important adverse drug reactions in pediatric and geriatric populations.
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