Drug Metabolism and Pharmacological Actions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where a drug is conjugated either rapidly or slowly with acetyl-CoA in the human population?

  • Acetylation bimodality
  • Acetylation dichotomy
  • Acetylation polymorphism (correct)
  • Acetylation variation
  • Which populations are classified as slow acetylators based on differences in N-acetyltransferase activity?

  • Eskimos and Asians
  • Inuit and Africans
  • Egyptians and some Western European groups (correct)
  • Latin Americans and Indians
  • Which of the following is NOT true about slow acetylators?

  • Conjugate drugs with acetyl-CoA rapidly (correct)
  • Show an inadequate therapeutic response to standard drug doses
  • Display a bimodal distribution in the human population
  • More prone to developing adverse reactions
  • What is the main cause of acetylation polymorphism in individuals?

    <p>Genetic differences in N-acetyltransferase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs exemplifies acetylation polymorphism?

    <p>Isoniazid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of methylation in the metabolic pathway?

    <p>Biosynthesis of endogenous compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metabolites does methylation generally not lead to?

    <p>Polar or water-soluble metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activated coenzyme is involved in methylation reactions?

    <p>S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme carries out O-methylation of important neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine?

    <p>Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of methylation do transferases specifically methylating histamine, serotonin, and epinephrine not usually participate in?

    <p>Metabolism of xenobiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does COMT require for carrying out methylation reactions?

    <p>Catecholic functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase pathways are drugs and xenobiotics often metabolized by to give several metabolites?

    <p>Phase I and phase II pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily involved in methylation reactions in the body?

    <p>S-adenosylmethionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug derivative undergoes methylation reactions to form methylated products?

    <p>Quaternary ammonium derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological factor can affect the activity of methyltransferases and consequently alter drug metabolism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the stereoselectivity of substrates in methylation reactions?

    <p>Substrate stereoselectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to the accumulation of toxic levels of a drug due to decreased metabolic elimination?

    <p>Decreased enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can decrease the intensity and duration of drug action as well as its efficacy?

    <p>Increased rate of metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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