18 Questions
What is the term used to describe the bimodal acetylation pattern of drugs like isoniazid in the human population?
Acetylation polymorphism
Which enzyme activity mainly causes the genetic variation leading to differences in acetylation patterns among individuals?
N-acetyltransferase activity
Individuals classified as rapid acetylators are more likely to exhibit which of the following responses to drugs?
Showing inadequate therapeutic responses
In methylation, what is the primary source of the methyl group used in the metabolic reactions?
S-adenosylmethionine
Which biological activity does methylation aim to terminate by acting on biogenic amines like norepinephrine and histamine?
Terminating biological activity
In methylation, what is the primary purpose of the metabolic pathway with respect to endogenous compounds?
Biosynthesis of endogenous compounds
Which enzyme is often involved in methylation reactions?
Methyltransferases
What is the role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in metabolism?
It is a methyl donor in methylation reactions
Which type of metabolites can be formed from methylation reactions?
Methylated products
Quaternary ammonium derivatives are often used for which purpose?
As antimicrobial agents
Which of these factors can affect the rate of drug metabolism?
All of the above
What is stereoselectivity in drug metabolism?
The preferential interaction of one enantiomer with drug-metabolizing enzymes
Which compound is created when methylation leads to a polar or water-soluble metabolite?
Quaternary ammonium derivative
Which enzyme catalyzes methylation reactions using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)?
Methyltransferases (MTs)
Which enzyme is responsible for terminating the activity of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine through O-methylation?
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Which coenzyme is involved in the methylation of histamine, serotonin, and epinephrine by specific transferases?
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
Which drugs undergo significant O-methylation, N-methylation, and S-methylation by various Methyltransferases?
Drugs with aromatic amines
What is the functional group required for the enzyme COMT to carry out methylation in the above-mentioned drugs?
Catecholic functionality
Test your knowledge on drug metabolism and its impact on pharmacological action and toxicity. Understand how changes in drug metabolism can affect the intensity and duration of a drug's action, as well as the risk of toxic levels accumulation.
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