Pharmacological Metabolism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi absorpsi obat?

  • Kadar oxygen dalam darah
  • Volume distribusi obat
  • Jenis reaksi kimia dalam tubuh
  • Lipid solubility dan pH situs absorpsi (correct)

Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Pharmacokinetics?

  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bergerak dalam tubuh (correct)
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat dieliminasi dari tubuh
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bekerja dalam tubuh
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bereaksi dengan enzim

Apa yang diamati dalam studi Enzyme Kinetics?

  • Laju absorpsi obat dalam darah
  • Laju reaksi enzim-katalisasi (correct)
  • Laju eliminasi obat dari tubuh
  • Laju reaksi kimia dalam tubuh

Apa yang terjadi dalam proses biotransformasi?

<p>Obat mengalami modifikasi kimia oleh tubuh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi eliminasi obat?

<p>Fungsi ginjal dan hati (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam proses eliminasi obat?

<p>Renal, hepatic, biliary, pulmonary, dan fecal excretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bagaimana obat dieliminasi melalui ginjal?

<p>Melalui proses glomerular filtrasi dan reabsorpsi tubular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa persamaan yang menggambarkan kinetika enzim-catalyzed reactions?

<p>V = Vmax * [S] / (Km + [S]) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang terjadi pada enzim ketika terjadi inhibisi ireversibel?

<p>Enzim kehilangan aktivitasnya (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam fase I reaksi biotransformasi?

<p>Oksidasi, reduksi, dan hidrolisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang diukur oleh parameter Cmax dalam farmakokinetik?

<p>Kadar plasma maksimum obat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam proses Absorpsi Obat?

<p>Absorpsi, distribusi, metabolisme, dan eliminasi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Model apa yang mengasumsikan obat tersebar merata di seluruh tubuh?

<p>One-Compartment Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang terjadi pada enzim ketika terjadi inhibisi reversibel?

<p>Enzim regains aktivitasnya setelah inhibisi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa tujuan dari studi Enzyme Kinetics?

<p>Untuk memahami kinetika enzim-catalyzed reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam Parameter PK?

<p>Cmax, Tmax, dan half-life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Pharmacological Metabolism

Drug Absorption

  • Process by which a drug enters the bloodstream
  • Depends on factors such as:
    • Route of administration (oral, IV, topical, etc.)
    • Lipid solubility of the drug
    • pH of the absorption site
    • Presence of transport mechanisms (e.g. active transport)

Pharmacokinetics

  • Study of the movement of drugs within the body
  • Includes:
    • Absorption
    • Distribution
    • Metabolism
    • Excretion (ADME)
  • Pharmacokinetic parameters:
    • Tmax (time to maximum concentration)
    • Cmax (maximum concentration)
    • Half-life (t1/2)
    • Volume of distribution (Vd)
    • Clearance (Cl)

Enzyme Kinetics

  • Study of the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
  • Key concepts:
    • Michaelis-Menten equation
    • Km (Michaelis constant)
    • Vmax (maximum reaction rate)
    • Enzyme substrate complex
    • Inhibition and activation of enzymes

Biotransformation

  • Chemical modification of a drug by the body
  • Types of biotransformation:
    • Phase I reactions (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)
    • Phase II reactions (conjugation)
  • Enzymes involved in biotransformation:
    • Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family
    • UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)
    • Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)

Elimination Mechanisms

  • Processes by which the body removes drugs
  • Types of elimination:
    • Renal excretion (kidney)
    • Hepatic excretion (liver)
    • Biliary excretion (bile)
    • Pulmonary excretion (lungs)
    • Fecal excretion (intestines)
  • Factors affecting elimination:
    • Renal function
    • Liver function
    • Blood flow
    • Binding to plasma proteins

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