Pharmacological Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi absorpsi obat?

  • Kadar oxygen dalam darah
  • Volume distribusi obat
  • Jenis reaksi kimia dalam tubuh
  • Lipid solubility dan pH situs absorpsi (correct)
  • Apakah yang dimaksud dengan Pharmacokinetics?

  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bergerak dalam tubuh (correct)
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat dieliminasi dari tubuh
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bekerja dalam tubuh
  • Studi tentang bagaimana obat bereaksi dengan enzim
  • Apa yang diamati dalam studi Enzyme Kinetics?

  • Laju absorpsi obat dalam darah
  • Laju reaksi enzim-katalisasi (correct)
  • Laju eliminasi obat dari tubuh
  • Laju reaksi kimia dalam tubuh
  • Apa yang terjadi dalam proses biotransformasi?

    <p>Obat mengalami modifikasi kimia oleh tubuh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi eliminasi obat?

    <p>Fungsi ginjal dan hati</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang termasuk dalam proses eliminasi obat?

    <p>Renal, hepatic, biliary, pulmonary, dan fecal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bagaimana obat dieliminasi melalui ginjal?

    <p>Melalui proses glomerular filtrasi dan reabsorpsi tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa persamaan yang menggambarkan kinetika enzim-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>V = Vmax * [S] / (Km + [S])</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang terjadi pada enzim ketika terjadi inhibisi ireversibel?

    <p>Enzim kehilangan aktivitasnya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang termasuk dalam fase I reaksi biotransformasi?

    <p>Oksidasi, reduksi, dan hidrolisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang diukur oleh parameter Cmax dalam farmakokinetik?

    <p>Kadar plasma maksimum obat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang termasuk dalam proses Absorpsi Obat?

    <p>Absorpsi, distribusi, metabolisme, dan eliminasi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Model apa yang mengasumsikan obat tersebar merata di seluruh tubuh?

    <p>One-Compartment Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang terjadi pada enzim ketika terjadi inhibisi reversibel?

    <p>Enzim regains aktivitasnya setelah inhibisi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa tujuan dari studi Enzyme Kinetics?

    <p>Untuk memahami kinetika enzim-catalyzed reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apa yang termasuk dalam Parameter PK?

    <p>Cmax, Tmax, dan half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacological Metabolism

    Drug Absorption

    • Process by which a drug enters the bloodstream
    • Depends on factors such as:
      • Route of administration (oral, IV, topical, etc.)
      • Lipid solubility of the drug
      • pH of the absorption site
      • Presence of transport mechanisms (e.g. active transport)

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Study of the movement of drugs within the body
    • Includes:
      • Absorption
      • Distribution
      • Metabolism
      • Excretion (ADME)
    • Pharmacokinetic parameters:
      • Tmax (time to maximum concentration)
      • Cmax (maximum concentration)
      • Half-life (t1/2)
      • Volume of distribution (Vd)
      • Clearance (Cl)

    Enzyme Kinetics

    • Study of the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
    • Key concepts:
      • Michaelis-Menten equation
      • Km (Michaelis constant)
      • Vmax (maximum reaction rate)
      • Enzyme substrate complex
      • Inhibition and activation of enzymes

    Biotransformation

    • Chemical modification of a drug by the body
    • Types of biotransformation:
      • Phase I reactions (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)
      • Phase II reactions (conjugation)
    • Enzymes involved in biotransformation:
      • Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family
      • UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)
      • Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)

    Elimination Mechanisms

    • Processes by which the body removes drugs
    • Types of elimination:
      • Renal excretion (kidney)
      • Hepatic excretion (liver)
      • Biliary excretion (bile)
      • Pulmonary excretion (lungs)
      • Fecal excretion (intestines)
    • Factors affecting elimination:
      • Renal function
      • Liver function
      • Blood flow
      • Binding to plasma proteins

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    Test your knowledge of pharmacological metabolism, including drug absorption, pharmacokinetics, enzyme kinetics, biotransformation, and elimination mechanisms.

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