30 Questions
Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for drug hypersensitivity reactions?
Complement activation
What is the second most commonly reported allergy?
Aspirin
Which of the following is a risk factor for immediate reactions to radiocontrast media?
Female gender
What is the main contributor to cough associated with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and ARNIs?
Histamine release
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes in blood that deposit in blood vessel walls or tissues?
Type III
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the most common type of severe drug eruption, characterized by moderate mucocutaneous and systemic manifestations, and typically caused by long-acting sulfonamides?
Type II
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the recruitment of macrophages, eosinophils, or neutrophils by sensitized T cells?
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the binding of antigen with cytotoxic antibodies, leading to host cell destruction?
Type II
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is IgE mediated and involves the release of histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines upon re-exposure to an allergen?
Type I
Which manifestation is NOT commonly associated with type I hypersensitivity?
Joint pain and muscle weakness
What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What should be prescribed to individuals with recurrent exposure to allergens that may cause anaphylaxis?
Autoinjectable epinephrine
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit on blood vessel walls and activate complement, leading to a serum sickness-like syndrome or vasculitis?
Type III
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the activation of T lymphocytes, which release cytokines and recruit effector cells?
Type IV
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the destruction of cells due to cell-associated antigen, initiated cytolysis by IgG and complement, and likely includes blood elements?
Type II
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the binding of allergen to IgE on basophils or mast cells, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators?
Type I
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and may present with clinical features of an autoimmune disorder?
Type III
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by a positive Coombs test, jaundice, and dark-colored urine?
Type II
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and wheezing after exposure to an allergen?
Type I
Which type of drug reaction is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, and high-grade fever without cutaneous symptoms?
Type IV
Which of the following is NOT an objective of the lecture on allergic reactions?
Distinguishing between the different types of allergic reactions based upon patient presentation and history
What is the first line treatment for an anaphylactic reaction?
Epinephrine
Which book chapter discusses the function and evaluation of the immune system?
Ch. e102
What is the role of penicillin skin testing and drug desensitization in therapy?
None of the above
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the PPL scratch test result?
No wheal or erythema after 15 minutes
What is the concentration of the PPL solution used in the scratch test?
6 x 10^-5 mol/L
When should an alternative agent be chosen in the PPL scratch test?
When the wheal or erythema is >5-15 mm diameter after 15 minutes
What is the purpose of the intradermal test in the PPL procedure?
To raise an intradermal bleb
What is the concentration of the Penicillin G potassium solution used in the scratch test?
10,000 unit/mL
When should an alternative agent be chosen in the Penicillin G potassium scratch test?
When there is itching and increase in size of original bleb >5 mm and > than saline control
Test your knowledge of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) and their clinical signs and symptoms. Learn about proposed mechanisms such as complement activation and direct histamine release. Explore specific DHRs like the Vancomycin Infusion Reaction and medications correlated with DHRs.
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