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Questions and Answers
What is the most likely explanation for side effects or adverse effects of a drug?
What is the most likely explanation for side effects or adverse effects of a drug?
Which factor contributes to the slower gastric emptying in pediatrics?
Which factor contributes to the slower gastric emptying in pediatrics?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to the variability in drug response?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to the variability in drug response?
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What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration?
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How is the therapeutic index calculated?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
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What is the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
What is the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
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In pharmacology, what does ADME stand for?
In pharmacology, what does ADME stand for?
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According to the relative absorption rates, which form of drug has the fastest absorption?
According to the relative absorption rates, which form of drug has the fastest absorption?
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What is the study of interactions of drugs and living tissues called?
What is the study of interactions of drugs and living tissues called?
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What is the science of drugs known as?
What is the science of drugs known as?
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What is the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
What is the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
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What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
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In which environment are weakly acidic drugs poorly absorbed?
In which environment are weakly acidic drugs poorly absorbed?
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What determines the increased absorption of weakly acidic drugs?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly acidic drugs?
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What is the main characteristic of weakly basic drugs in acidic environments?
What is the main characteristic of weakly basic drugs in acidic environments?
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Which equation summarizes the finding that weakly acidic drugs remain in their non-polar form in acidic environments?
Which equation summarizes the finding that weakly acidic drugs remain in their non-polar form in acidic environments?
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In which environment do weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed?
In which environment do weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed?
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What determines the increased absorption of weakly basic drugs?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly basic drugs?
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What characteristic makes non-polar, fat-soluble drugs easily distributed in the body?
What characteristic makes non-polar, fat-soluble drugs easily distributed in the body?
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'Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)' is expressed in which units?
'Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)' is expressed in which units?
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'Vd verses Low Vd' and 'High Vd' are related to which factor influencing drug distribution?
'Vd verses Low Vd' and 'High Vd' are related to which factor influencing drug distribution?
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According to Katzung & Vanderah (2024) and Wainman, McDonald & Murray-Davis (2019), what is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
According to Katzung & Vanderah (2024) and Wainman, McDonald & Murray-Davis (2019), what is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
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What is the term for the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
What is the term for the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
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Which factor influences the movement of a drug from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
Which factor influences the movement of a drug from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
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In which form do drugs have the fastest absorption according to relative absorption rates?
In which form do drugs have the fastest absorption according to relative absorption rates?
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What determines the clearance/removal of the drug from the body?
What determines the clearance/removal of the drug from the body?
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Which process involves the reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells and extracellular fluid?
Which process involves the reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells and extracellular fluid?
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What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
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What is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
What is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
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What contributes to the variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
What contributes to the variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
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What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
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How is the therapeutic index calculated?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
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What term describes the secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems?
What term describes the secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems?
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In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to drug response variability?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to drug response variability?
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What is the rough indication of the relative safety of a drug known as?
What is the rough indication of the relative safety of a drug known as?
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What characteristic makes gastric pH less acidic and gastric emptying slower in pediatrics?
What characteristic makes gastric pH less acidic and gastric emptying slower in pediatrics?
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Which factor contributes to personalized drug therapy and drug response variability in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
Which factor contributes to personalized drug therapy and drug response variability in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
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What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration according to the text?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration according to the text?
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Study Notes
Drug Side Effects and Response
- Adverse effects of drugs can result from interactions, dosage, and individual variability.
- Physiologic or psychological need for a drug is termed "drug dependence."
- Variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics is attributed to genetic factors affecting metabolism.
Drug Absorption and Distribution
- Therapeutic index is calculated as the ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose, indicating drug safety.
- The absorption of drugs is fastest in liquid formulations, such as solutions.
- Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd) is expressed in liters.
- Non-polar, fat-soluble drugs distribute easily due to low affinity for water and high permeability across membranes.
Gastric Factors in Drug Metabolism
- Slower gastric emptying in pediatrics is influenced by a less acidic gastric pH and immature gastric function.
- Weakly acidic drugs tend to remain non-polar in acidic environments, enhancing absorption.
- Weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed in acidic environments.
Drug Action and Clearance
- The process whereby a drug travels to and from the site of action is known as "pharmacokinetics."
- Drug clearance or removal is determined by metabolic and excretory processes, primarily by liver and kidneys.
- Reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells is part of drug distribution.
Additional Relevant Concepts
- The study of interactions between drugs and living tissues is termed "pharmacodynamics."
- The science of drugs as a whole is referred to as "pharmacology."
- Secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems are called "side effects."
- Factors influencing drug absorption and distribution include pH, formulation, and presence of food.
- Personalized drug therapy relies on individual genetic makeup to tailor treatment, aiding in drug response variability.
Nursing Responsibilities
- Key nursing responsibilities regarding drug administration include ensuring correct dosages, monitoring for side effects, and understanding drug interactions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on noncompetitive drug-drug interactions altering absorption and drug effects. This quiz covers topics such as desired therapeutic effects, predictable dose-related effects, undesired side effects, toxic effects, unpredictable idiosyncrasies, and allergic reactions.
