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Questions and Answers
What is the most likely explanation for side effects or adverse effects of a drug?
What is the most likely explanation for side effects or adverse effects of a drug?
- Toxic effects due to excessive dosage (correct)
- Increased metabolism in older adults
- Unpredictable idiosyncrasies
- Alteration in gastric pH
Which factor contributes to the slower gastric emptying in pediatrics?
Which factor contributes to the slower gastric emptying in pediatrics?
- Less acidic gastric pH (correct)
- Immature blood brain barrier
- Reduced first-pass elimination by liver
- Decreased microsomal enzymes
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
- Therapeutic window
- Tolerance
- Therapeutic index
- Dependence (correct)
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to the variability in drug response?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to the variability in drug response?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
What is the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
What is the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
In pharmacology, what does ADME stand for?
In pharmacology, what does ADME stand for?
According to the relative absorption rates, which form of drug has the fastest absorption?
According to the relative absorption rates, which form of drug has the fastest absorption?
What is the study of interactions of drugs and living tissues called?
What is the study of interactions of drugs and living tissues called?
What is the science of drugs known as?
What is the science of drugs known as?
What is the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
What is the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
In which environment are weakly acidic drugs poorly absorbed?
In which environment are weakly acidic drugs poorly absorbed?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly acidic drugs?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly acidic drugs?
What is the main characteristic of weakly basic drugs in acidic environments?
What is the main characteristic of weakly basic drugs in acidic environments?
Which equation summarizes the finding that weakly acidic drugs remain in their non-polar form in acidic environments?
Which equation summarizes the finding that weakly acidic drugs remain in their non-polar form in acidic environments?
In which environment do weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed?
In which environment do weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly basic drugs?
What determines the increased absorption of weakly basic drugs?
What characteristic makes non-polar, fat-soluble drugs easily distributed in the body?
What characteristic makes non-polar, fat-soluble drugs easily distributed in the body?
'Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)' is expressed in which units?
'Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd)' is expressed in which units?
'Vd verses Low Vd' and 'High Vd' are related to which factor influencing drug distribution?
'Vd verses Low Vd' and 'High Vd' are related to which factor influencing drug distribution?
According to Katzung & Vanderah (2024) and Wainman, McDonald & Murray-Davis (2019), what is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
According to Katzung & Vanderah (2024) and Wainman, McDonald & Murray-Davis (2019), what is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
What is the term for the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
What is the term for the process by which a drug travels to the site of action and is removed from the site of action?
Which factor influences the movement of a drug from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
Which factor influences the movement of a drug from its site of administration across body membranes and into circulating fluids?
In which form do drugs have the fastest absorption according to relative absorption rates?
In which form do drugs have the fastest absorption according to relative absorption rates?
What determines the clearance/removal of the drug from the body?
What determines the clearance/removal of the drug from the body?
Which process involves the reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells and extracellular fluid?
Which process involves the reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells and extracellular fluid?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
What is the main characteristic of weakly acidic drugs when dissolved in water?
What is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
What is the theoretical volume into which a drug is distributed in the body known as?
What contributes to the variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
What contributes to the variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
What is the term used to describe a physiologic or psychological need for a drug?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
What term describes the secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems?
What term describes the secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to drug response variability?
In pharmacogenetics/genomics, what contributes to drug response variability?
What is the rough indication of the relative safety of a drug known as?
What is the rough indication of the relative safety of a drug known as?
What characteristic makes gastric pH less acidic and gastric emptying slower in pediatrics?
What characteristic makes gastric pH less acidic and gastric emptying slower in pediatrics?
Which factor contributes to personalized drug therapy and drug response variability in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
Which factor contributes to personalized drug therapy and drug response variability in pharmacogenetics/genomics?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration according to the text?
What is the key nursing responsibility related to drug administration according to the text?
Study Notes
Drug Side Effects and Response
- Adverse effects of drugs can result from interactions, dosage, and individual variability.
- Physiologic or psychological need for a drug is termed "drug dependence."
- Variability in drug response in pharmacogenetics is attributed to genetic factors affecting metabolism.
Drug Absorption and Distribution
- Therapeutic index is calculated as the ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose, indicating drug safety.
- The absorption of drugs is fastest in liquid formulations, such as solutions.
- Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd) is expressed in liters.
- Non-polar, fat-soluble drugs distribute easily due to low affinity for water and high permeability across membranes.
Gastric Factors in Drug Metabolism
- Slower gastric emptying in pediatrics is influenced by a less acidic gastric pH and immature gastric function.
- Weakly acidic drugs tend to remain non-polar in acidic environments, enhancing absorption.
- Weakly basic drugs become polar and poorly absorbed in acidic environments.
Drug Action and Clearance
- The process whereby a drug travels to and from the site of action is known as "pharmacokinetics."
- Drug clearance or removal is determined by metabolic and excretory processes, primarily by liver and kidneys.
- Reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into cells is part of drug distribution.
Additional Relevant Concepts
- The study of interactions between drugs and living tissues is termed "pharmacodynamics."
- The science of drugs as a whole is referred to as "pharmacology."
- Secondary or unwanted effects of a drug on other systems are called "side effects."
- Factors influencing drug absorption and distribution include pH, formulation, and presence of food.
- Personalized drug therapy relies on individual genetic makeup to tailor treatment, aiding in drug response variability.
Nursing Responsibilities
- Key nursing responsibilities regarding drug administration include ensuring correct dosages, monitoring for side effects, and understanding drug interactions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on noncompetitive drug-drug interactions altering absorption and drug effects. This quiz covers topics such as desired therapeutic effects, predictable dose-related effects, undesired side effects, toxic effects, unpredictable idiosyncrasies, and allergic reactions.
